评论
打印
Hey there! Welcome to Life Noggin. Oh look it's my invisible friend! So glad you finally got to meet him!
大家好，欢迎来到脑洞大开的生命奇想！看，这是我的隐形人朋友！非常开心你遇到了他！
Living in the water, and nearly everywhere else on Earth, are tiny, microscopic organisms called microorganisms or microbes.
生活在水中、几乎存在于世界上任何地方的微小的生物就是微生物。
They have existed for at least 3,500 million years and were the only living things on Earth for the majority of that time.
他们至少存在了35亿年，是当时大部分时间里地球上唯一的生物。
Different types include bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, algae, and viruses.
微生物有细菌、古菌、真菌、原生动物、藻类和病毒等不同类型。
Microbes are able to survive in harsh environments like hot springs, the Dead Sea, and Antarctic ice,
微生物可以生存在像温泉、死海和南极冰源这样的极端环境中。
as well as ordinary places like swamps, rivers, and soil.
也能生长在沼泽、河流和土壤等一般的环境中。
And there are a whole lot of them out there.
而且数量非常多。
Overall, they make up about 17 percent of Earth's total biomass, which is the weight of everything living here.
总体上来说，它们占据地球生物量的17%，这相当于生活在此的所有东西的质量之和。
In the sea alone they are extremely abundant. In all of the world's oceans, they make up 98 percent of the total ocean biomass.
单单在海里面它们就异常丰富。在世界所有的海洋里，它们占据了海洋生物总量的98%。
Yeah, there are millions upon millions of tiny little communities that you probably have even thought about!
是的，你甚至可能想过千百万的小群落！
While not all microbes are harmful, there are definitely some to watch out for that cause foodborne illnesses, and infectious diseases.
尽管不是所有的微生物都是有害的，但是有很多需要小心的可导致食源性疾病和传染性疾病的微生物。
These include the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, that can cause tuberculosis, the protozoan Plasmodium, which causes Malaria,
这些包括可以导致结核病的结核分枝杆菌，导致疟疾的原生动物疟原虫，
the fungus Trichophyton rubrum, which causes ringworm, and the virus Varicella zoster, which causes Chickenpox.
会引起癣的真菌红毛癣菌，会引起水痘的水痘病毒。
These and other disease-causing microbes are called pathogens. If we come into contact with them and they enter our bodies,
这些和其他致病微生物被称为病原体。如果我们与它们接触，它们就会进入我们的身体，
they can cause an infection by damaging our cells and could even challenge our immune system by killing or disrupting cell or tissue function.
它们可以通过破坏我们的细胞来引起感染，甚至可以通过杀死或破坏细胞或组织功能来挑战我们的免疫系统。
Some of these harmful microbes can make their way into drinking water through feces and cause diseases like cholera, typhoid fever, and dysentery.
其中一些有害微生物会通过粪便进入饮用水，导致霍乱、伤寒和痢疾等疾病。
The World Health Organization estimates that over two billion people around the world
世界卫生组织估计全世界有超过20亿人
use a drinking water source that is contaminated by feces, resulting in nearly half a million deaths.
使用被粪便污染的饮用水源，这导致近50万人死亡。
But, as I said, not all microorganisms are bad. In fact, without them, we wouldn't have pizza bagels!
但是，正如我说的，不是所有的微生物都是有害的。实际上，没有微生物我们就不会有披萨百吉饼了！
Fungi like yeast are used to make bread and beer, and mold is used to make some cheeses.
像酵母这样的真菌被用来做面包和啤酒，霉菌被用来做一些奶酪。
And, because microbes create oxygen while processing greenhouse gases, they could potentially be an option for fighting climate change.
因为微生物在处理温室气体时会生成氧气，所以它们可能会是战胜气候变化的一个选择。
Scientists have already found a way to use E. coli bacteria to make biofuels.
科学家已经找到了一种利用大肠杆菌制造生物燃料的方法。
Marine microbes play a big role in maintaining the health of coral reefs and the recycling of their nutrients.
海洋微生物在维持珊瑚礁的健康和营养物质的循环利用方面起着重要的作用。
They also help clean our own water at wastewater treatment plants, where they are used to eat biodegradable materials.
它们也可以在污水处理厂清洁我们自己的水，在那里，它们被用来吃可生物降解的材料。
Helpful microbes can even be found closer than you may think. On and inside our bodies are trillions of microorganisms.
有益的微生物可存在于比你想象中更近的地方。在我们的体内和身体上有数万亿的微生物。
Some of these microbes help with digestion, protect you from infection, and maintain your reproductive health.
有些微生物能帮助消化，保护你免收感染，维持你的生殖健康。
That's right the tiny communities living on and inside you are working very hard! No need to panic about that thought at all.
是的，这些生活在你身体上和体内的小群落工作很努力！完全不需要担心那种想法。
But just because they are helpful ones, that doesn't mean you shouldn't protect yourself from potentially harmful microorganisms.
但是仅仅因为它们是有帮助的微生物，这并不意味着你不用保护自己免受潜在有害的微生物的侵害。
So, remember to wash your hands often, keep your immunizations up to date, and make sure your drinking water is clean.
所以，要记得经常洗手，保持最新的免疫接种，并确保你的饮用水是干净的。
So, what do you want me to talk about next? Let me know in the comment section below right now
所以，你想让我们谈论什么呢？请在下方的评论区告诉我们，
and you're suggestion can become a future Life Noggin episode!
你的建议可能会被制作成未来的一期节目！
Curious to know what the heck this is? Yeah, you're gonna want to check out this video!
想知道这个是什么吗？是的，你会想看看这个视频的！
Tardigrades, or more adorably known as water bears and moss piglets, are a phylum of small invertebrates
缓步动物，或更可爱地被称为水熊和苔藓仔猪，是一门小型无脊椎动物，
that are bilaterally symmetrical and have four pairs of legs.
它们左右对称，有四对腿。
Thank you so much for watching and liking this video!
非常感谢观看并喜欢这个视频！
As always my name is Blocko! This has been Life Noggin! Don't forget to keep on thinking.
我是宝高，这里是脑洞大开的生命奇想。思考不要停！
