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For centuries Mongolians have lived a nomadic life as herders in the countryside, but that's changing.
几个世纪以来，蒙古人一直以牧民的身份在这个国家过着游牧生活。
In the past 25 years, Ulaanbaatar's population has more than doubled to 1.5 million. Most live here...
在过去25年中，乌兰巴托的人口增加了一倍多，达到150万。大多数住在这里…
In crowded ger districts on the outskirts of Ulaanbaatar. Gers are traditional Mongolian round tents.
在乌兰巴托郊区拥挤的蒙古包地区，蒙古包是蒙古族传统的圆帐篷。
Searching for employment, many nomadic families live below the poverty line.
为了寻找工作，许多游牧家庭生活在贫困线以下。
And with the onset of winter, when temperatures reach minus 40 degrees Celsius,
随着冬天的来临，当气温达到零下40摄氏度时，
families burn black coal to keep warm, creating a smog so thick it's almost impossible to see.
家庭烧黑煤取暖，造成浓烟，几乎看不见。
We moved nine years ago to the city. In the countryside, everything is different, it's so peaceful, here it's hard. In the city everything is based on the money.
我们九年前搬到城市，在农村一切都不一样，这里很平静，很艰难。在这个城市里，一切都是以钱为基础的。
This year the government has banned the use of raw coal and has launched a campaign
今年政府禁止使用原煤，并发起了一项运动
to burn "low-grade coal" that emits less smoke. But is it enough to solve the problem?
燃烧“低档煤”，减少烟尘排放。但这足以解决问题吗？
Experts say more approaches are needed. The Asian Development Bank is investing $80 million to build 1,500 social housing units
专家说，需要更多的方法。亚洲开发银行投资8000万美元建造1500套社会住房
along with key infrastructure, such as new roads and sewerage pipes to be completed by 2026.
以及关键的基础设施，如新的道路和污水管道，将于2026年完工。
The approach again has to be mixed, because you need to make sure that this is included in the city master plan,
这种方法必须是混合的，因为你需要确保这包括在城市总体规划中，
which was not the case before. You need to ensure the private sector would be interested to invest.
以前不是这样的，你需要确保私营部门对投资感兴趣，
You need to ensure that the community's needs and aspiration are addressed,
你要保证社区的需求和愿望得到满足，
so there is plenty of factor you have to factor in actually. So it's not easy. There is no one solution.
所以有很多因素需要考虑，所以不简单，不止一种方法。
But other approaches are desperately needed on a household level. One Mongolian man combining new design thinking
但在家庭层面上，迫切需要其他方法。一名蒙古男子结合了新设计思想，
with respect to the Mongolian ger traditional design is Badruun Gardi of the social enterprise GerHub.
加上对蒙古包传统设计的尊敬，他就是社会企业GerHub的巴德鲁恩·加德。
He's developed a plug-in wall, which provides electrical heating, toilet and shower that fits comfortably around the traditional ger design.
他开发了一种插入式墙，提供电加热、卫生间和淋浴，与传统的蒙古包设计相得益彰。
One of our focus is to work directly on the ger itself, modifing and modernizing the ger so that it becomes a suitable form of housing for urban settlers.
我们的一个重点是研究蒙古包本身，对其进行修改并使之现代化，使蒙古包成为城市定居者的适当住房形式。
Nomads Urangua and Zul-Erdene were offered the chance to live in a plug-in ger.
游牧民乌兰瓜和祖尔丁有机会生活在一个插件蒙古包。
They said it not only helped them stay warm in winter, but also allowed them to start a family.
他们说，这不仅有助于他们在冬天保持温暖，还让他们可以成家。
Libby Hogan for VOA news, Ulaanbaatar
利比·霍根，VOA新闻乌兰布拖报道
