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看见历史 是谁偷走了印第安儿童(1)

来源:可可英语 编辑:hepburn   可可英语APP下载 |  可可官方微信:ikekenet

"I was adopted by a white missionary couple."

“我是被一对白人传教士夫妇收养的。”
"I was adopted"…"immediately placed for adoption."
“我是被领养的,”“马上就被送去领养了。”
"I was in foster care with one family for 18 years.
“我在一个家庭寄养了18年。
They were white."
一个白人家庭。”
"My parents loved us and I understand that.
“我(养)父母很爱我们,我知道。
But at the same time…" "They took the idea that they were saving me."
但与此同时……”“他们觉得他们是在救我们。”
"Saving us from ourselves."
“是在救我们脱离我们所在的集体。”
"Being saved and I should be grateful for the life that I've been given,
“被救了的,我应该感谢他们给我的生活,
because any child on the reservation would give anything to live as I was living."
因为保留地的任何一个孩子都愿意不计一切代价换取我现在的生活。”
"They took us away from our mom.
“他们把我们从我们的亲生母亲那里抢走。
They came marching right in and literally took us and thousands of other children from their home."
就那么大摇大摆地来到我们的家乡,把我们以及成千上万其他的(印第安)孩子从他们家里带走。”
"It's a way to eradicate us.
“这是他们消灭我们的一种方法。
And to go to a nation's children is one of the sure ways to do that."
直接对那个民族的孩子下手是最管用的。”
The US has a long and brutal legacy of attempting to eradicate Native Americans.
很久以前,美国就开始了消灭印第安人这一残忍的传统。
For centuries, they colonized Native American lands and murdered their populations.
几百年来,他们不仅霸占了印第安人的土地,还杀害了他们的人民。
They forced them west and pushed them into small, confined patches of land.
他们强行将他们赶到西部,赶到一块又一块很小的土地上。
But, Native Americans resisted.
然而,他们的这一做法激起了印第安人的反抗。
A Board of Indian Commissioners report said:
印第安督查委员会的一份报告写道:
"instead of dying out under the light and contact of civilization," the Indian population "is steadily increasing."
“印第安人口非但没有在文明的光芒和接触下消失,反而有了稳步增长。”
And that was an obstacle to total American expansion.
这就成了美国全面扩张的一个障碍。
So the US found a new solution: to "absorb and assimilate" them.
于是,美国一计不成,又生一计:“吸收并同化”他们。
It all started with an experiment, and a man named Richard Henry Pratt.
一切还要从一个实验,以及一个名叫理查德·亨利·普拉特的人开始说起。
"He had in his charge some prisoners of war and he taught these men how to speak English, how to read and write, and how to do labor.
“他手上有一些战俘,于是他便开始教他们说英语,教他们读书写字,教他们劳动。
He dressed them in military uniforms and basically ran an assimilation experiment.
还给他们穿上军装,这差不多就是他的同化实验了。
And then he took his results to the federal government and said they're capable of being civilized.
之后,他把实验结果提交给了联邦政府,说那些人能够被驯化成文明人。
So he was able to get this project funded."
就这样,他拿到了项目基金。”

1

In 1879, the government funded Pratt’s project, the first ever off-reservation boarding school for Native American children.

1879年,政府出资赞助了普拉特的项目——史上第一所印第安儿童寄宿学校。
His motto was to "kill the Indian and save the man."
他的座右铭是“杀了那个印第安人,拯救其人性”。
What started there, at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School, was nothing short of genocide, disguised as American education.
从那儿——卡莱尔印第安人工业学校——发源的丝毫不亚于一场披上了美国教育外衣的种族灭绝活动。
Children were forcibly taken from reservations, and placed into the school, hundreds — even thousands — of miles away from their families.
孩子们被强行从保留地带走,安置在离家数百甚至是数千英里的学校。
They were stripped of their traditional clothing.
他们被脱掉了传统服饰。
Their hair was cut short.
头发也被剪短。
They were given new names, and forbidden from speaking their Native languages.
还被赋予了新的名字,并被禁止说母语。
"To take our children and to indoctrinate them into Western society, to take away their identity as indigenous peoples, their tribal identity,
“带走我们的孩子,强行给他们灌输西方社会的思想,剥夺他们的原住民身份和部落身份,
I think it's one of the most effective and insidious ways that the US did, do harm to indigenous peoples here because it targeted our children, our most vulnerable.
我认为,是他们用来伤害这里的原住民所使的最有效,也最阴险的手段,因为它针对的是我们的孩子,是我们中间最脆弱的人群。
And they tried to make us ashamed for being Indian and they tried to make us something other than Indian."
他们企图让我们为我们的印第安身份感到羞耻,企图让我们成为另一种人。”
There are also accounts of mental, physical, and sexual abuse.
还有对他们实行精神虐待、身体虐待和性虐待的记录。
Of forced manual labor, neglect, starvation, and death.
强迫他们劳动、忽视他们、让他们忍饥挨饿甚至是杀害他们的纪录。
"My great grandfather went to Carlisle and nobody in my family ever talked about it.
我的曾祖父就在卡莱尔上过学,但我们家从来不提这件事。
So if you google Indian boarding schools,
如果你上谷歌搜印第安寄宿学校,
the majority of the pictures that you will see will be actually from Carlisle.
看到的大部分图片都是卡莱尔学校的。
Colonel Pratt created propaganda.
普拉特准将操控了宣传。
He hired a photographer to create those before and after photos to show that his experiment was working.
他聘请摄影师拍了那些孩子们入学前后的照片,试图证明他的实验是管用的。
So it was, you know, intentional propaganda."
所以,那不过是蓄意的宣传。
And it worked.
结果,他这招管用了。
The Carlisle model of education swept the country — and led to the creation of over 350 boarding schools to assimilate Native American children.
卡莱尔的教育模式席卷了全国——催生出了350多所同化印第安儿童的寄宿学校。
On the one hand, we have the Navajo as we find him in the desert.
这边的孩子中间有纳瓦霍,他是我们在沙漠里发现的。
Few of these boys and girls have ever seen a white man.
这些男孩儿女孩儿几乎都从未见过白人。
Yet, through agencies of the government,
好在,在我们政府各大机构的帮助下,
they are being rapidly brought from their state of comparative savagery and barbarism to one of civilization.
他们迅速从原来的相对野蛮和原始的状态走向了文明状态。

重点单词   查看全部解释    
assimilate [ə'simileit]

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v. 使同化,吸收
n. 被同化的事物

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population [.pɔpju'leiʃən]

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n. 人口 ,(全体)居民,人数

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insidious [in'sidiəs]

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adj. 隐伏的,暗中为害的,阴险的,诱人上当的,(疾病

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stripped [stript]

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adj. 剥去的 v. 剥夺(strip的过去分词形式)

 
confined [kən'faind]

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adj. 幽禁的;狭窄的;有限制的;在分娩中的 v. 限

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obstacle ['ɔbstəkl]

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n. 障碍,绊脚石

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manual ['mænjuəl]

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adj. 手工的,体力的
n. 手册,指南,键

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understand [.ʌndə'stænd]

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vt. 理解,懂,听说,获悉,将 ... 理解为,认为<

 
absorb [əb'sɔ:b]

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vt. 吸纳,吸引 ... 的注意,吞并

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neglect [ni'glekt]

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vt. 忽视,疏忽,忽略
n. 疏忽,忽视

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