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There are a lot of reasons for wanting a lava moat around your house, but not that many how-to videos explaining how to build one.
想在自己家周围建一条熔岩护城河的理由千千万，但解释如何建造的视频却不多。
So we're here to change that. It's actually pretty easy to make lava, at least in principle - the ingredients are just rocks and heat. Lots of heat.
所以我们要改变这一点。建一条护城河相当容易，至少理论如此—材料只需岩石和高温，大量高温。
Most rocks melt at temperatures between 800 and 1200 celsius, which is hotter than your oven,
大多数岩石会在800到1200摄氏度之间融化，比你的烤箱温度还高，
so you'll need a gas or charcoal powered forge, or an electric furnace.
所以你将需要一个煤气或木炭炉，或电炉。
It's tempting to choose a kind of rock or even metal or glass that melts at a lower temperature, but then it won't glow as much:
人们很容易选择一种能在较低温度下熔化的岩石，甚至是金属或玻璃，但这样就不能发出那么多光芒：
the intensity and color of the glow depends on how hot the lava is, and you definitely want a lava moat that glows
发光的强度和颜色取决于熔岩有多热，你肯定想要一个发光的熔岩护城河
(preferably a nice bright orange-yellow color).
（最好是明亮的橙黄色）。
For this reason, we recommend only top quality Keweenawan basalt obtained from the upper midwest.
因此，我们只推荐从上中西部获得的高质量的基韦诺玄武岩。
One of the challenges in maintaining a glowing lava moat is that it's literally radiating away its energy in the form of heat and light;
维持发光熔岩护城河的挑战之一就是它会以光和热的形式将能量辐射出去；
this means you can't simply melt your lava, pour it into your moat, and call it a day.
这意味着你不能简单地将熔化熔岩，把它倒入护城河，然后结束一天的工作。
Your lava moat is going to need some kind of built-in heating apparatus to make up for the losses:
你的熔岩护城河将需要某种内置的加热设备来弥补损失：
a ceramic crucible with high temperature electric heating coils will work just fine.
带有高温电加热线圈的陶瓷坩埚就刚刚好。
And you'll definitely want a good layer of insulation to keep heat from leaking into the ground - because you're going to need a lot of heat!
你肯定想要一个好的隔热层来防止热量泄露到地面—因为你将需要大量的高温！
At the temperatures we're working with, lava radiates roughly 100 kilowatts of heat per square meter
在我们所处的温度下，熔岩每平方米大约放射出100千瓦的热量！
(that's equivalent to 1000 100-watt lightbulbs per square meter - though you can't fit 1000 100-watt light bulbs into a square meter,
（这相当于每平方米1000个100瓦的灯泡—虽然每平方米不可能装下这么多电灯泡，
if that gives you any sense of how intense lava is). Anyway, electricity typically costs around 10 cents per kilowatt hour,
如果这能让你感觉到熔岩有多强烈的话）。不管怎样，电的成本通常是每千瓦时10美分，
so each square meter of lava moat is going to cost you around $10 per hour.
所以每平方米的熔岩护城河每小时要花费10美元。
This means that a lava moat a meter wide and enclosing an area roughly the size of a football field will cost $60,000 per day to keep running.
这意味着一条一米宽的熔岩护城河，包围着一个足球场大小的区域，每天将花费6万美元来维持运转。
If you don't like the idea of being reliant on somebody else to keep your lava moat home security system operational,
如果你不喜欢依赖别人来维持你的熔岩护城河家庭安全系统的运作，
you could instead power it with solar panels, or build your own power plant.
那么你可以用太阳能板来代替，或者建造你自己的发电厂。
Each of these has its pros and cons: solar power never needs fuel resupply shipments: the sun is going to keep burning for a while.
不管哪种都有利弊：太阳能发电不需要燃料补给：太阳能将持续燃烧一段时间。
However, every square meter of lava moat requires 2000 square meters of solar panels to keep it glowing day and night.
但每一平方米的熔岩护城河都需要2000平方米的太阳能电池板才能日夜发光。
We don't need to explain the security risks of putting your lava moat's power source outside of the protection of the lava moat,
我们不需要解释将熔岩护城河的电源置于熔岩护城河保护之外的安全风险，
so if you want a lava moat a meter wide powered entirely by solar panels inside of the moat,
所以如果你想要一条一米宽的，且完全由护城河内部的太阳能板供电的熔岩护城河，
the math works out that the moat needs to surround an array of solar panels 8 kilometers across. Which is clearly absurd.
那么这条护城河需要环绕一排8公里宽的太阳能电池板。显然这很荒谬。
You can have a wider and yet more reasonable-sized moat if you instead build your own commercial scale power plant inside it -
如果你在护城河里建造自己的商业规模的发电厂，你就可以拥有一条更宽、规模更合理的护城河—
coal and nuclear power plants produce enough energy to heat a lava moat 10 meters wide and encircling an area 500 meters across -
煤炭和核电站产生的能量足够加热一条10米宽，能够包围500米区域的熔岩护城河—
enough space to fit the power plant and your house inside!
这个空间足以容纳下你的发电厂和房子！
The downside is that (unless you build your moat on top of a coal or uranium deposit) you'll need to bring in outside fuel,
缺点是（除非你把护城河建在煤矿或铀矿上）你将需要携带外部燃料，
so your lava moat won't be entirely off-grid.
这样你的熔岩护城河才不会完全脱离电网。
Perhaps the best off-grid option for powering your lava moat is simply to take inspiration from the source of lava itself: the earth's own internal heat.
或许为你的熔岩护城河提供电力的最好的离网选择是从熔岩源本身获得灵感：地球自身的热量。
Assuming you don't have access to an island in a lava lake in an active volcano, the next best option is geothermal power:
假设你无法进入火山熔岩湖中的岛屿，那么下一个最佳选择就是地热发电：
by choosing the right location, a good geothermal power plant can heat a modest-sized lava moat that's perfect for protecting a single family home.
通过选择正确的地点，一个好的地热发电厂可以加热一个中等大小的熔岩护城河，这对于保护一个房子来说是完美的。
I suppose you might also want to learn about precisely how wide your lava moat should be to deter intruders,
我想你可能还想知道你的熔岩护城河应该有多宽才能阻止入侵者，
or how to cool your house once it's successfully encircled by lava, or how to deal with all the noxious fumes given off by lava.
或者一旦你的房子被熔岩成功包围，你要如何冷却你的房子，或者如何处理从熔岩中释放出来的有毒气体。
And for that, you need to check out the full lava moat instructions available in the book,
要做到这一点，你需要查阅书中关于熔岩护城河的详细说明，
"How To" by Randall Munroe, which this video is based on (and supported by).
Randall Munroe的《How To》，本期视频由本书改编和支持。
How To is an absurd and entertaining self-help guide full of ridiculous over-the-top advice about everything from how to dig a hole,
《How To》是一本荒诞有趣的自助指导书，里边都是夸张的建议，包括如何挖洞、
to how to be on time, to how to ski, to how to catch a drone.
如何准时、如何滑雪以及如何抓住无人机。
You can find a how-to guide for how to obtain a copy of "How To" in the video description,
大家可以在本期视频描述中找到获取《How To》的方法，
and a big thanks to Randall and "How To" for supporting and inspiring this "How To" video.
感谢Randall和《How To》对本期视频的支持。
