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On September 6, 1522, the 'Victoria' sailed into harbor in southern Spain.
1522年9月6日，“维多利亚”号驶入西班牙南部的港口。
The battered vessel and its 18 sailors were all that remained of a fleet that had departed three years before.
这个三年前起航的船队，只剩下这艘破旧的船及18名水手。
Yet her voyage was considered a success for the 'Victoria' had achieved something unprecedented:
而这次航行被认为是成功的，因为“维多利亚”号取得了前所未有的成就：
the first circumnavigation of the globe.
第一次环球航行。
But this story really begins in 1494, two years after Columbus's voyage on behalf of Spain.
但故事得从1494年说起，即在哥伦布代表西班牙航行的两年后。
Columbus's discovery had prompted the Catholic Spanish rulers
哥伦布的发现促使了信仰天主教的西班牙统治者
to turn to the Pope to preempt any claims by Portugal to the new lands.
向教皇抢争抢任何被葡萄牙宣称占有的新大陆。
The Pope resolved this dispute by drawing an imaginary line on the world map.
教皇在世界地图上画了一条虚线以解决这一争端。
Spain had the right to claim territories west of the divide, and Portugal to the east.
西班牙有权要求分界线以西的领土，而葡萄牙则可占领东面。
Spain and Portugal, the two major seafaring super powers at the time,
西班牙和葡萄牙，这两个当时主要的航海超级大国，
agreed to these terms in what came to be called the Treaty of Tordesillas.
同意了这一决议，并签订了“托德西利亚斯条约”。
At the time, these nations had their eyes on the same prize: trade routes to the Spice Islands in today's Indonesia.
当时，两国都有同一个目标，找到通往位于今天印度尼西亚的香料岛的贸易路线。
The spices found there, which were used as seasonings,
香料在那里被发现，被用以调味，
food preservatives, and aphrodisiacs, were worth many times their weight in gold.
作为食物防腐剂，也可以作为催情药，可以换到是它本身重量很多倍的黄金。
But because of Portugal's control over eastern sea routes, Spain's only viable option was to sail west.
但因为葡萄牙控制着东面的航线，西班牙只能选择向西航行。
So when a Portuguese defector named Ferdinand Magellan claimed that a westward route to the Spice Islands existed,
当一个叫斐迪南·麦哲伦的葡萄牙叛逃者声称存在向西通往香料群岛的路线，
King Charles made him captain of a Spanish armada, and gave him all the resources he would need.
查尔斯国王便任命他为西班牙舰队的队长，并且给他提供了所有需要的资源。
Along with a share in the voyage's profits, he granted Magellan five ships and about 260 men.
除了航行后的利润分成，国王还授予麦哲伦五艘船及约260名船员。
The crew included a young slave named Enrique, captured by Magellan on a previous journey to Malacca
船员包括一个年轻的奴隶，名叫恩里克，他被麦哲伦在先前的马六甲之旅中捕获，
and Antonio Pigafetta, a Venetian nobleman seeking adventure.
还有安东尼奥·皮加费塔，是一个寻求冒险的威尼斯贵族。
On September 20, 1519, the fleet weighed anchor and headed southwest.
在1519年9月20日，船队起锚，并向西南前行。
After making landfall in what is now Brazil, it proceeded along the coast, exploring any water way leading inland.
在现今的巴西登陆后，船队沿着海岸进行，探索任何通往内陆的水路。
They were looking for the fabled passage linking east and west.
他们要寻找传说中连接东西方的通道。
As the weather worsened, the Spaniards resentment at having a Portuguese captain escalated.
随着天气状况的恶化，西班牙船员对葡萄牙队长的不满也逐步升级。
A full-blown mutiny soon erupted, which Magellan crushed with unspeakable cruelty.
全面的叛乱很快爆发，而麦哲伦用难以形容的残忍方式镇压了这场叛乱。
But his problems were only just beginning.
但他的麻烦才刚刚开始。
During a reconnaissance mission, the 'Santiago' was wrecked by a storm.
在一次侦察任务中，“圣地亚哥”号被暴风雨摧毁。
Then while exploring a narrow waterway,
随后在探索一条狭窄的航道时，
the captain of the 'San Antonio' took the first opportunity to slip away and sail back home.
“圣安东尼奥号”的船长抓住机会逃跑，把船开回了家。
Magellan pressed forward, and on October 21, he started exploring a navigable sea way.
麦哲伦继续奋力向前，在10月21日，他开始探索一条可供航行的海路。
27 freezing days later, the three remaining ships emerged from what we now call the Strait of Magellan into the Mar Pacifico.
27个寒冷的日子后，剩下的三只船从我们现在的麦哲伦海峡进入太平洋。
The fleet never expected the new ocean to be so vast.
船队从来没有想到新的海洋是如此广阔。
After 98 days at sea, dozens of sailors had succumbed to scurvy and famine.
在海上航行了98天后，许多船员死于坏血病和饥荒。
When they finally reached land again, Enrique, the young slave, proved able to communicate with the natives.
当他们再次登上陆地时，发现年轻的奴隶恩里克能与当地人沟通。
Their goal couldn't be far. Sailing further west, Magellan was warmly received by Rajah Humabon of Cebu.
这说明他们距离目的地不远了。继续向西航行，麦哲伦受到了宿雾岛酋长的热情招待。
So when the ruler asked him to help subdue and convert the rebellious chief of Mactan, the captain readily agreed.
所以当酋长要他帮助制服并规劝反叛酋长麦克坦时，麦哲伦欣然同意了。
The adventure would be his last.
这是他最后一场冒险。
Overconfident and severely outnumbered, Magellan's force was overwhelmed,
由于过分自信和寡不敌众，麦哲伦的军队不敌对手，
and the native's bamboo spears ended the captain's life. Yet the voyage had to continue.
他自己则死于原住民的竹矛之下。然而航行还得继续。
Magellan's will specified that Enrique should be freed, but the expedition still needed an interpreter.
麦哲伦的遗嘱提到恩里克应该获得自由，但船队仍然需要一个翻译。
With his freedom at stake, Enrique is believed to have plotted with the Rajah
以个人自由为赌注，恩里克据说与酋长密谋，
to have about 30 of the Spaniards killed at a feast on the beach.
在一场海边宴会上谋杀了约30名西班牙人。
Enrique was never heard from again, but if he ever made it back to Malacca,
此后再也没有关于恩里克的消息，但如果他曾回到马六甲，
he may have been the first person to actually circumnavigate the globe.
他可能是第一个完成环球航行的人。
Meanwhile, the survivors burned the Concepcion and proceeded onward.
同时，幸存者烧了康塞普西翁，随后继续前进。
They finally reached the Spice Islands in November of 1521 and loaded up on precious cargo.
他们最终于1521年11月到达了香料岛，把船装满了珍贵的货物。
But they still had to return to Spain.
但他们还得返回西班牙。
The 'Trinidad' sank shortly after being captured by the Portuguese.
“特立尼达”号在被葡萄牙人俘获后不久沉没。
The 'Victoria' continued west, piloted by Juan Sebastián Elcano, one of the pardoned mutineers.
“维多利亚”号择继续向西，由胡安·塞巴斯提安·埃尔卡诺驾驶，他是被赦免的叛乱者之一。
Against all odds, the small vessel made it back to Spain with a full cargo of cloves and cinnamon,
尽管困难重重，小船总算回到了西班牙，带着满仓的丁香和肉桂，
enough to cover the expedition and turn a profit.
其价值足以支付远征的花费并盈利。
An obsessive chronicler, Pigafetta described the lands and people they encountered.
作为一位痴迷编年史的记录者，皮加费塔记录了所有经过的地方和遇到的人们。
With the help of a humble slave, he also compiled the world's first phrase book of native languages.
在一个卑微的奴隶的帮助下，他还用土著语编写了世界上第一本短语书。
His journal is the reason we can tell this story.
我们之所以知道这些故事，要归功于他的日记。
Magellan's legacy lingers. He had galaxies and space programs named after him.
麦哲伦传奇不灭。有星系和太空计划以他的名字命名。
Elcano, too, was celebrated in Spain with a coat of arms and his face on currency and stamps.
埃尔卡诺同样在西班牙被歌颂，他的盾徽和肖像被印在了货币和邮票上。
United by fate, the survivors and the hundreds who sacrificed their lives challenged conventional wisdom
命中注定一般，幸存者及数百位牺牲的船员一起挑战传统观念，
and completed a historic journey once thought impossible.
并完成了一个被认为不可能完成的历史征程。
