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A key factor in the digital activism gap is that groups that are more hierarchical rather than horizontal are more likely to use the Internet.
数字激进主义鸿沟的一个关键因素是，等级更分明而不是水平更分明的群体更有可能使用互联网。
And this really overturns this sense that groups and protest movements like Occupy Wall Street or other more horizontal movements are really tethered to the Internet.
这确实颠覆了人们的一种感觉，即像“占领华尔街”这样的团体和抗议运动，或其他更横向的运动，实际上是与互联网联系在一起的。
In fact the rise of a lot of these movements really rose in sync with the rise of, of digital technology.
实际上许多这些运动真正的崛起与数字技术的崛起同步。
And if we really go back even farther, if we look at the the launch of the World Wide Web over 30 years ago, it really coincided with the tearing down of Soviet symbols and structures. Right?
如果我们真的进一步回溯，如果我们看一下30年前万维网出现，真的恰逢苏联符号和建筑的拆除。对吧？
The Berlin Wall came was coming down at the exact same time that the Internet was spreading.
柏林墙倒塌的同时，互联网正在传播。
So we have in our psyche right this cultural connection to the rise of the Internet as being this non-bureaucratic technology that even an early Apple commercial showed this very Orwellian group of people sitting, listening to some leader, and in, this is 1984, right?
所以在我们的内心深处，这种与互联网崛起的文化联系是一种非官僚主义的技术，即使是早期的苹果商业广告也向我们展示了这群奥威尔式的人，坐在那里，听着某个领袖的演讲，这是1984年，对吧？
In comes a woman with a sledgehammer and she swings it around and she throws it at the screen of this leader and Apple then says you know 1984 won't be like 1984 and reference to Orwell, right？
一个拿着大锤的女人进来了，她挥舞着大锤，把它扔向这位领袖的屏幕，然后苹果说，你们知道，1984不会像1984，这是奥威尔的作品。
So we have this really strong belief that the Internet is more horizontal and then out of those statues and walls crumbling will come the phoenix rising of the Internet that will enable everyday people to participate online.
所以我们有一个非常强烈的信念，那就是互联网是更加水平的，然后从那些雕像和墙壁的破碎中，会出现互联网的凤凰涅槃，它将使日常生活中的人们能够在线参与。
And certainly in some cases that's been the case.
当然在某些情况下确实是这样。
But what I found overall, over time without just these spikes of political protests, is that groups that are more hierarchical that have systems in place.
但我发现，总的来说，随着时间的推移，没有了这些政治抗议的高峰，等级更分明的群体有了相应的制度。
And often this hierarchy goes in sync with systems, really are able to over the long term, engage, and have high levels of online participation.
这种层次结构通常与系统保持同步，真正能够长期参与，并有高水平的在线参与。
Very much contrary to you know the image of a digital activists as a radical left anarchist protester, it's much more likely to be an older conservative Tea Party member.
你可能认为数字活动人士是激进的左翼无政府主义抗议者，然而，那更有可能是一位年长的保守派茶党成员。
