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This video was made possible thanks to our friends over at hollywood health and society, who sponsored this video.
这个视频的制作要感谢我们在好莱坞健康与社会的朋友们，他们赞助了这个视频。
Hey there! Welcome to Life Noggin!
大家好！欢迎来到脑洞大开的生命奇想！
According to the United State's Bureau of Justice Statistics, around 1.5 million adults were in prison at the end of 2017.
根据美国司法统计局的数据，在2017年末，约有150万成人在监狱中。
And while each year more than 600,000 individuals are released,
尽管每年有超过60万的犯人被释放，
about 450,000 of them are arrested again within five years, many for technical violations or non-criminal behavior.
他们中约有45万人会在五年内再次被逮捕，许多是因为技术违法或非犯罪行为。
Recidivism is largely the result of the challenges faced during reintegration, like finding employment or housing.
再犯在很大程度上是重新融入社会过程中面临的挑战的结果，比如找到工作或住房。
And those with addictions or mental health issues can have an even harder time reintegrating after prison.
那些成瘾的人或者有心理健康问题的人在出狱后更加难以融入社会。
Let's see just how hard it is to re-enter society with a criminal record.
让我们看看有犯罪记录的人重返社会有多难。
As a returning citizen, job opportunities are pretty limited. Many employers are hesitant to hire individuals with a criminal record.
作为一个出狱公民，就业机会非常有限。许多雇主不愿雇用有犯罪记录的人。
Some states even allow employers to deny jobs to those who were arrested, whether they were convicted of a crime or not.
一些州甚至允许雇主拒绝雇用那些被捕的人，不管他们是否被判有罪。
A 2003 survey conducted by the Urban Institute found that only 40 percent of employers were willing to hire an formerly incarcerated person.
城市研究所在2003年进行的一项调查发现，仅有40%的雇主愿意雇佣曾经入狱的人。
In addition, those who spent time in prison may have a limited education or employment history, making competing for a job all the more difficult.
而且，那些入过监狱的人可能有有限的教育或工作经历，这使他们竞争一个岗位变得更难。
These issues often result in released prisoners finding work in low-skilled, low-wage jobs, like the food service or manufacturing industries.
这些问题经常导致被释放的囚犯找到低技能、低工资的工作，如食品服务或制造业。
Already starting with a low-income, some returning citizens are required to pay certain penalties after their release, like parole fees that can cost up to $150 a month.
在低工资的基础上，一些人在出狱后还要叫一些罚金，比如可多达每月150美元的假释费。
Altogether, this can make it extremely difficult to support themselves and their families, leading some individuals to re-offend.
加在一块，这会使他们很难供养自己和家人，导致一些人再犯。
So, what about housing? Well, limited finances also make it difficult to afford a home,
房子呢？有限的收入使他们难以负担一个房子。
and housing policies can ban returning citizens from renting apartments.
房屋政策可能禁止他们租用公寓。
In many instances, returning citizens end up homeless.
在很多情况下，出狱的公民会无家可归。
A 2018 report by the Prison Policy Initiative found that previously incarcerated individuals were almost 10 times as likely to be homeless than the general population.
监狱政策倡议组织2018年的一份报告发现，之前被监禁的人无家可归的可能性几乎是普通人的10倍。
And studies have found that housing insecurity is linked to returns to prison.
研究发现，住房不安与重返监狱有关。
Incarceration disproportionately effects individuals with low levels of education, as well as minority groups, particularly people of color.
入狱会不同程度的影响教育水平低和少数群体的人，尤其是有肤色的人。
Recidivism follows the same pattern, with rearrest rates of 59 percent among black offenders and 60 percent among offenders without a high school education.
再犯的情况也是如此，黑人罪犯的重新逮捕率为59%，没有受过高中教育的人为60%。
But there are re-entry programs that can help former inmates succeed outside of prison and curb recidivism rates.
但是有一些再入计划可帮助前罪犯在监狱外取得成功，减少累犯率。
These may provide short term housing, help finding jobs, and therapy. But assistance with reentry reintegration should start during incarceration.
它包括提供短期住房，帮助找工作，和治疗。但是，在服刑期间就应该开始帮助他们重新融入社会。
Providing educational opportunities, counseling, and addiction treatment can all help prevent future offences.
提供教育机会，咨询和额外治疗都可以帮助避免未来再犯。
For instance, a 2017 study found that incarcerated people inmates who participated in educational programs while in custody
比如，一项2017年的研究发现，在监禁期间参与教育项目的犯人
were 43 percent less likely to enter prison again in the future.
在未来重新入狱的可能性要少43%。
Together, these programs can help returning citizens get escape this vicious cycle and successfully reenter into society.
这些项目在一起就能帮助公民逃脱这个罪恶的循环，成功融入社会。
So do you have any questions that you want me to answer next? Let me know right now in the comment section below.
你还有什么问题要我回答的吗？请立即在下面的评论区告诉我。
Links to free resources can be found in the description.
可以在描述区中找到免费资源的链接。
Thank you so much to our friends over at hollywood health and society who sponsored this video.
非常感谢好莱坞健康与社会的朋友们赞助了这段视频。
To find out more about what they do and see how you can help their great causes, click the link in the description.
要了解更多关于他们所做的事情，并了解你如何帮助他们的伟大事业，请点击描述中的链接。
As always, my name is Blocko, this has been life noggin, don't forget to keep on thinking!
我是宝高，这里是脑洞大开的生命奇想!不要停止思考！
