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When you think about an eating disorder, you might think about restricting food, like in anorexia, or purging food like in bulimia.
当你想到进食障碍时，你可能会考虑限制食物，比如厌食症，或者像暴食症一样清除食物。
But the most common eating disorder has nothing to do with either of those.
但是，最常见的饮食失调与这两种疾病都没有关系。
It's called binge eating disorder.
这叫做暴饮暴食症。
These days when we hear the word 'binge,' we mostly think of watching like 6 episodes of the Netflix show in one day.
现在，当我们听到“暴饮暴食”这个词时，通常会想到在一天内看六集网飞公司的节目。
And If you're less TV-inclined, maybe you think of binging on food.
如果你不喜欢看电视，也许你会考虑暴饮暴食。
Say, on Thanksgiving.
比如说，在感恩节。
But what if you found yourself overeating like that multiple times a week?
但是，如果你发现自己一周暴饮暴食好几次，该怎么办？
What if it felt like a cycle, and it got really difficult to control?
如果感觉像是个循环，而且很难控制呢？
This is what it's like for people with binge eating disorder.
这就是暴食症患者的情况。
And even though it's easily the most common eating disorder, chances are you've never heard of it.
尽管这很容易成为最常见的饮食失调，但很可能你从未听说过。
Binge Eating Disorder, or BED's primary symptom is frequent, seemingly uncontrollable food binges that create feelings of distress or guilt.
暴饮暴食症的主要症状是频繁性、似乎无法控制的暴食，造成痛苦或内疚的感觉。
If you're thinking, "Yeah, I've gotten that extra-large pizza all for myself before, and I felt pretty terrible after,"
如果你想，“是的，我以前给自己买了一个超大的比萨饼，之后我觉得很糟糕，”
you're thinking more of over-indulgence than binging.
你想的更多的是过度放纵，而不是暴食。
Those with BED often eat even when they're not hungry — even when continuing to eat is upsetting.
那些暴饮暴食症者经常在不饿的时候吃东西，即使继续吃东西会也让他们感到不安也还要吃。
During a binge, they'll eat a lot of food, super fast, until it's physically uncomfortable to eat any more.
在暴食期间，他们会超级快地吃很多食物，直到身体不舒服吃不下更多。
Binges are often planned in advance, with 'special' food purchases.
暴食通常是事先计划好的，购买“特殊”食物。
Sufferers often try to hide their atypical eating by eating alone or hiding food they've purchased specifically for binging.
患者经常试图通过单独进餐或隐藏他们购买的食物，不让别人知道他们的非典型性饮食，特别是暴食。
But while the binges may be planned, when people are actually in the middle of a binging episode,
不过，虽然暴食可能是有计划的进行，但当人们真的进行暴食时，
it's not uncommon for them to just zone out, then struggle to stop or even remember everything they've consumed.
人们通常开始会忘记，然后努力停下来甚至记住他们进食的一切，这并不少见。
And even though it's less likely to be on your radar than anorexia and bulimia, studies have shown that BED is over three times more common than anorexia and bulimia combined.
尽管暴饮暴食症与厌食症和贪食症相比，不太容易引起人们的重视，但研究表明，它比厌食症和贪食症患者的总和还要高出三倍以上。
Like, in a study from 2007, researchers asked nearly ten thousand Americans about their experiences with various mental health conditions.
比如，在2007年的一项研究中，研究人员询问了近一万名美国人在各种心理健康状况下的经历。
And they found that 3.5% of women and 2% of men had BED at some point in their lives.
他们发现，3.5%的女性和2%的男性在一生中的某个时候都出现过暴饮暴食症。
That's a pretty massive number, and it doesn't just make BED the most common eating disorder.
这是一个相当庞大的数字，它不仅使其成为最常见的饮食紊乱。
It makes it more common than breast cancer, HIV, and schizophrenia.
它比乳腺癌、艾滋病和精神分裂症更常见。
So it's something worth paying attention to.
所以，这很值得关注。
It was only officially recognized as a stand-alone eating disorder in 2013, so at this point, we don't know everything about what causes B.E.D.
2013年，它才被正式确认为一种独立的饮食紊乱。所以，在这一点上，我们还不知道是什么导致了暴饮暴食症。
But research seems to show that it has some genetic basis.
但是，研究似乎表明它具有一定的遗传基础。
Of course, your DNA doesn't determine everything about your mental health, so genetics isn't the only factor here.
当然，你的DNA并不能决定心理健康的一切。所以，基因并不是唯一的因素。
Stress may play a role, too.
压力也可能发挥作用。
Some evidence for this comes from a study published in 2006 in the journal Psychiatry Research.
一些证据来自2006年发表在《精神病学研究》期刊上的一项研究。
It compared 162 black and white American women with B.E.D. to the same number of women without it who matched their demographics.
这项研究将162名患有暴饮暴食症的美国黑人和白人女性，与同样数量的没有患病的女性进行了比较，这些女性的人口结构相匹配。
After interviewing these women, the study found that, across the board, those with B.E.D. had a lot more stressful events in the year before their symptoms began.
在采访了这些女性之后，研究发现，总体而言，那些患有暴饮暴食症的女性在症状出现前的一年中，会经历更多的压力事件。
These triggering events could be anything from a passing comment about their body shape or weight, to work or school stress, abusive relationships, or major life changes.
这些触发事件可以是任何事情，从对体型或体重的简短评论，到工作或学校压力、虐待关系，或生活中的重大变化。
Outside of this study, research has also found that other psychological factors can contribute to B.E.D., too,
在这项研究之外，研究还发现其他心理因素也会对暴饮暴食症产生影响，
such as anxiety, low self-esteem, obsessiveness, and perfectionism.
比如焦虑、自卑、强迫症和完美主义。
But people can also be born with differences in their brains that make them more likely to develop B.E.D.
但是，人们也可能天生就存在大脑差异，使他们更容易患上暴饮暴食症。
For example, a 2013 systematic review analyzed 51 articles on B.E.D. and found that when compared to obese people without BED,
例如，2013年的一项系统性综述分析了51篇关于暴饮暴食症的文章，发现与未患有暴饮暴食症的人相比，
people with the disorder had stronger responses to food rewards, meaning food likely had more influence over them.
患病的人对食物奖励表现出更强的反应，这意味着食物可能对他们产生更大的影响。
They were also more impulsive, and many of the studies showed evidence that those with the disorder were more likely to act spontaneously, or even recklessly, in their day-to-day lives.
他们也更容易冲动，许多研究表明，患有这种疾病的人在日常生活中更容易出于本能行事，甚至会让人觉得鲁莽。
Brain imaging studies have also backed up these findings.
脑成像研究也支持这些发现。
For example, a study from 2014 used brain scans to show that people with B.E.D. had less activity in the part of the brain that handles inhibitions.
例如，2014年的一项研究使用脑部扫描显示，患有暴饮暴食症的人大脑处理抑制的部分活动较少。
But really, that's just one piece of the puzzle.
但实际上，这只是谜团的一小部分。
There appear to be other things happening in the brains of those with binge eating disorder, and honestly, scientists haven't quite gotten to the bottom of it yet.
那些暴饮暴食症患者的大脑里似乎还发生着其他事情，老实说，科学家们还没有完全弄清这一点。
That doesn't mean they don't know how to treat this condition, though.
但这并不意味着他们不知道如何治疗该疾病。
People seeking treatment are often prescribed a course of cognitive behavioral therapy, or CBT.
医生通常会为病人接受认知行为疗法。
This type of therapy aims to make people aware of how their behaviors are connected to harmful beliefs.
这种类型的治疗旨在让人们意识到，他们的行为是如何与有害的信念联系在一起。
And that awareness can help minimize behaviors like binge-eating.
意识到这些有助于减少暴饮暴食等行为。
This approach is often effective, but those who need a little extra may be offered antidepressants to alleviate symptoms related to B.E.D.,
这种方法通常很有效，但那些需要一些额外治疗的患者，医生也许会开出抗抑郁药，来减轻其与暴饮暴食症有关的症状，
like depression and anxiety — which can make therapy more effective.
如抑郁和焦虑等，这能让治疗更有效。
Like many other psychological conditions, B.E.D. is complex and there's no silver bullet to treat it.
像许多其他的心理疾病一样，暴饮暴食症很复杂，没有能治疗它的灵丹妙药。
But the more we learn about it, the faster we can get working on finding new and improved ways to recover.
但我们了解得越多，就越能更快地找到更有效的新疗法。
Thanks for watching this episode of SciShow Psych.
感谢收看本期《心理科学秀》节目。
Next week you're going to start seeing a new host around here, so before we go, I want to introduce you to Anthony Brown.
下周你会看到一位新主持人，所以在节目结束前，我想介绍一下安东尼?布朗。
Come up, Anthony Brown!
来吧，安东尼?布朗！
Hello!
你好！
Hey, How are you doing?
你好。
You are a man of many talents. You are an actor, a father, a beat-boxer...
你才华横溢，是演员、父亲、拳击手等等。
Can you beatbox for me?
你能表演一下口技吗？
Oh, wow you really are!
哇，你真棒！
We're really glad to have him, and we hope you'll join us in welcoming him to the team.
我们真的很高兴他来主持，我希望你能和我们一起欢迎他加入我们的团队。
Thanks, Hank.
谢谢，汉克。
I'm excited to be here, and I can't wait to explore some really weird science with you all.
我很高兴来到这里，我迫不及待地想和你们一起探索一些非常奇怪的科学。
That's what we're all about!
我们做的就是这种节目！
I'll see you next week!
我们下周见！
