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Behold the human brain, it's lumpy landscape visibly split into a left and right side.
仔细看人类的大脑，很明显能看到它分成左右两个区块。
This structure has inspired one of the most pervasive ideas about the brain,
这个结构促成了一个有关大脑的广为流传的说法，
that the left side controls logic and the right, creativity.
那就是左脑负责逻辑，右脑负责创意。
And yet, this is a myth unsupported by scientific evidence.
这个谜题尚未得到科学证据的支撑。
So how did this misleading idea come about, and what does it get wrong?
因此这个误导性的说法是如何产生的呢？有什么错误呢？
It's true that the brain has a right and a left side.
大脑确实分为左和右两个部分。
This is most apparent with the outer layer, or the cortex.
这在大脑外部或者大脑皮层是最清晰可见的。
Internal regions, like the striatum, hypothalamus, thalamus,
内部结构，例如纹状体，下丘脑，丘脑，
and brain stem appear to be made from continuous tissue, but in fact, they're also organized with left and right sides.
以及脑干，似乎都是由连续不断的组织组成，然而事实上，它们也由左和右两部分构成。
The left and the right sides of the brain do control different body functions, such as movement and sight.
大脑的左右两部分确实分管不同的身体功能，例如行动和视觉。
The brain's right side controls the motion of the left arm and leg and vice versa.
右脑控制左臂和左腿的运动，反之亦然。
The visual system is even more complex. Each eye has a left and right visual field.
视觉系统则要复杂很多。每一只眼睛都具有左和右两个视觉区。
Both left visual fields are sent to the right side of the brain, and both right fields are sent to the left side.
两个左视觉区的信息都传送到右脑，两个右视觉区的信息则由左脑处理。
So the brain uses both sides to make a complete image of the world.
因此大脑使用两个部分才能看到一个完整的世界。
Scientists don't know for sure why we have that crossing over.
科学家不知道为什么我们会如此关联。
One theory is it began soon after animals developed more complex nervous systems
一个理论是在动物进化出更复杂的神经系统不久后产生，
because it gave the survival advantage of quicker reflexes.
因为这给了快速反应的生存优势。
If an animal sees a predator coming from its left side, it's best off escaping to the right.
如果一个动物看到捕食者从左侧接近，最好是向右逃脱。
So we can say that vision and movement control are two systems that rely on this left-right structure,
因为我们说视觉和行动管理是两个系统都依附于这个左右结构，
but problems arise when we over-extend that idea to logic and creativity.
但是当我们将此想法拓展到逻辑和创意就出问题了。
This misconception began in the mid-1800s when two neurologists, Broca and Wernicke,
这个谬误始于19世纪中叶，当Broca和Wernicke两位神经病学家，
examined patients who had problems communicating due to injuries.
诊查因受伤而产生沟通问题的病人之时。
The researchers found damage to the patients' left temporal lobes,
研究人员发现这些病人左颞叶受损，
so they suggested that language is controlled by the left side of the brain.
因此他们认为语言由左脑控制。
That captured the popular imagination.
这激发了大众的想象力。
Author Robert Louis Stevenson then introduced the idea
作家罗伯特·路易斯·史蒂文森介绍
of a logical left hemisphere competing with an emotional right hemisphere represented by his characters Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.
有关控制逻辑的左半脑与掌管情绪的右半脑一决高下的理念，并由杰克尔医生和海德先生两个角色来呈现。
But this idea didn't hold up
但是这个想法无法得到验证，
when doctors and scientists examined patients who were missing a hemisphere or had their two hemispheres separated.
当医生和科学家检查那些失去半脑或者大脑两个部分无任何连接的病人的时候。
These patients showed a complete range of behaviors, both logical and creative.
这些病人有着各种行为举止，既有逻辑的又有创意的。
Later research showed that one side of the brain is more active than the other for some functions.
之后的研究表明，对于某些功能而言，大脑中一部分会比另一部分更为活跃。
Language is more localized to the left and attention to the right.
语言更多集中在左脑注意力则在右脑。
So one side of the brain may do more work, but this varies by system rather than by person.
因此大脑的其中一部分会承担更多的工作，但是这些不确定性是根据系统的不同，而不是人。
There isn't any evidence to suggest that individuals have dominant sides of the brain,
没有任何证据能表明我们大脑有主导的一部分，
or to support the idea of a left-right split between logic and creativity.
或者左右半脑分管逻辑和创意的说法。
Some people may be particularly logical or creative, but that has nothing to do with the sides of their brains.
有些人可能极有逻辑性或者创造力，但是这和他们大脑的左右部分无关。
And even the idea of logic and creativity being at odds with each other doesn't hold up well.
即便逻辑和创意之间存在矛盾的观点也无法得到支持。
Solving complex math problems requires inspired creativity and many vibrant works of art have intricate logical frameworks.
解决复杂数学问题需要具有灵感的创造力，很多富有生命力的艺术作品也需要复杂的逻辑框架。
Almost every feat of creativity and logic carries the mark of the whole brain functioning as one.
几乎每一个创意和逻辑的创举都需要全脑像一个整体来运转才能完成。
