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Fish are in trouble. The cod population off Canada's East Coast collapsed in the 1990s,
鱼类有麻烦了。加拿大东海岸的鳕鱼数量在上世纪九十年代呈现断崖式下降，
intense recreational and commercial fishing has decimated goliath grouper populations in South Florida,
过渡的娱乐性和商业性捕鱼使得南佛罗里达的石斑鱼几乎绝迹，
and most populations of tuna have plummeted by over 50%, with the Southern Atlantic bluefin on the verge of extinction.
金枪鱼的数量暴跌了超过50%，特别是南大西洋蓝鳍金枪鱼已处在灭绝边缘。
Those are just a couple of many examples.
这些只是许许多多例子中的一小部分。
Overfishing is happening all over the world. How did this happen?
在世界各地，过度捕鱼都屡见不鲜。这是怎么发生的呢？
When some people think of fishing, they imagine relaxing in a boat and patiently reeling in the day's catch.
有些人想到捕鱼，脑海中浮现的是悠闲地在船上，慢悠悠地收起钓鱼线的场景。
But modern industrial fishing, the kind that stocks our grocery shelves, looks more like warfare.
但是现代工业化的捕鱼，货架上的鱼就是这么来的，看上去更像是打仗。
In fact, the technologies they employ were developed for war.
事实上，他们使用的技术本就为战争而生。
Radar, sonar, helicopters, and spotter planes are all used to guide factory ships towards dwindling schools of fish.
雷达、声呐、直升机以及侦察机，它们都将商业捕鱼船引向日益减少的鱼儿。
Long lines with hundreds of hooks or huge nets round up massive amounts of fish,
有着几百个钩子的鱼线，或是巨大的捕鱼网，围住大量的鱼儿，
along with other species, like seabirds, turtles, and dolphins.
还有其他生物，比如海鸟、海龟和海豚。
And fish are hauled up onto giant boats, complete with onboard flash freezing and processing facilities.
鱼儿被捞到巨大的捕鱼船上，即刻便完成了速冻和处理。
All of these technologies have enabled us to catch fish at greater depths and farther out at sea than ever before.
相比以前，所有这些技术都让我们能够捕捞生活在海洋中更深以及更远的鱼类。
And as the distance and depth of fishing have expanded, so has the variety of species we target.
随着捕鱼距离和深度的扩大，我们瞄准了更多的鱼类。
For example, the Patagonian toothfish neither sounds nor looks very appetizing.
比如，犬牙鱼听上去、看上去都不好吃。
And fishermen ignored it until the late 1970s.
上世纪七十年代末之前，渔民们都忽略了它。
Then it was rebranded and marketed to chefs in the U.S. as Chilean sea bass, despite the animal actually being a type of cod.
然后它被重新包装，对美国的厨师宣传成海鲈鱼，尽管这种鱼实际上是一种鳕鱼。
Soon it was popping up in markets all over the world and is now a delicacy.
很快，它就出现在了全世界的市场上，而现在更是成了公认的美味。
Unfortunately, these deep water fish don't reproduce until they're at least ten years old,
不幸的是，这些深海鱼直到至少十岁才会繁衍后代，
making them extremely vulnerable to overfishing when the young are caught before they've had the chance to spawn.
这使得它们对过度捕捞极端敏感脆弱，小鱼在有机会产卵前就被捉住了。
Consumer taste and prices can also have harmful effects.
消费者的口味和价格也会产生负面影响。
For example, shark fin soup is considered such a delicacy in China and Vietnam
比如，鲨鱼鱼翅汤在中国和越南被认为是一种美味，
that the fin has become the most profitable part of the shark.
所以鱼鳍变成了鲨鱼利润最高的一部分。
This leads many fishermen to fill their boats with fins leaving millions of dead sharks behind.
这让许多渔民把他们的船装满了鱼鳍，而把上百万死鲨留在了海里。
The problems aren't unique to toothfish and sharks.
这些问题不仅仅针对犬牙鱼和鲨鱼。
Almost 31% of the world's fish populations are overfished, and another 58% are fished at the maximum sustainable level.
全世界大约31%的鱼类都在遭受过度捕捞，另外58%在以最高临界数量被捕捞着。
Wild fish simply can't reproduce as fast as 7 billion people can eat them.
野生鱼类不能跟上70亿人吃它们的速度进行繁衍。
Fishing also has impacts on broader ecosystems.
捕鱼也对更大的生态系统造成了影响。
Wild shrimp are typically caught by dragging nets the size of a football field along the ocean bottom,
野生虾类通常要在海底拖着足球场般大小的网进行捕捞，
disrupting or destroying seafloor habitats. The catch is often as little as 5% shrimp.
这改变或破坏了海底的生物栖息地。而捕捞上来的只有5%是虾。
The rest is by-catch, unwanted animals that are thrown back dead.
剩下的都是顺带被捞上来的，无用的生物被扔回去时都已经死掉了。
And coastal shrimp farming isn't much better.
近海虾类养殖也不见得更好。
Mangroves are bulldozed to make room for shrimp farms,
红树林被铲平，为虾类养殖开辟空间，
robbing coastal communities of storm protection and natural water filtration and depriving fish of key nursery habitats.
这让海边生物失去了抵抗风暴的保护，失去了自然的水过滤系统，也剥夺了鱼类至关重要的生存家园。
So what does it look like to give fish a break and let them recover? Protection can take many forms.
那么要如何给鱼类一个喘息的机会，让它们逐渐恢复数量呢？保护可以有很多形式。
In national waters, governments can set limits about how, when, where,
在国家水域，政府可以设定限制，规定如何、何时、何地、
and how much fishing occurs, with restrictions on certain boats and equipment.
多少鱼可以被捕捞，限制某些渔船和设备。
Harmful practices, such as bottom trawling, can be banned altogether,
有害的操作，比如海底拖网，可以一并被禁止，
and we can establish marine reserves closed to all fishing to help ecosystems restore themselves.
我们还可以建立海洋保护区，对所有捕鱼业关闭，帮助生态系统自我修复。
There's also a role for consumer awareness and boycotts to reduce wasteful practices, like shark finning,
消费者得节约意识和对浪费的抵制也不容小视，比如鱼翅，
and push fishing industries towards more sustainable practices.
这会迫使捕鱼业朝着更加可持续的方向发展。
Past interventions have successfully helped depleted fish populations recover. There are many solutions.
过去的干预成功地帮助了鱼类恢复数量。有许多解决方案。
The best approach for each fishery must be considered based on science,
对于每种捕鱼业最佳的方案，必须基于科学考虑，
respect for the local communities that rely on the ocean, and for fish as wild animals.
尊重依靠海洋的生态群体，尊重作为野生动物的鱼类。
And then the rules must be enforced. International collaboration is often needed, too, because fish don't care about our borders.
法规必须加强执行。同样，也需要国际间的合作，因为鱼类活动不以我们的国界为界线。
We need to end overfishing. Ecosystems, food security, jobs, economies, and coastal cultures all depend on it.
我们必须停止过度捕捞。生态系统、食品安全、工作、经济以及海岸文化都取决于此。
