Ernest Hemingway was a man's man. He was a war hero, a big game hunter, an adventurer and – above all else - a story teller. Yet, his was a life filled with contrasts. During his early years the future macho man's mother dressed and treated him as a girl and his own son Gregory, would become a transvestite. He was known as Papa Hemingway and yet he had a distant relationship with his three sons. In the midst of the glowing tributes that the world heaped upon him he sunk to terrible lows, causing turmoil as he racked up awards. And then finally, in an act of desperation, he took his own life. To say that Hemingway was a complex individual is perhaps the ultimate understatement. In today's Biographics we'll do our best to discover the real man behind the veneer of Papa Hemingway. "Every man's life ends the same way and it is only the details of how he lived and how he died that distinguishes one man from another."
欧内斯特·海明威是男人中的男人。他是战争英雄，是大型猎物的狩猎者，是冒险家。最重要的是，他是一名作家。但他的生命力充满了鲜明的对比。在他早年间，这名未来硬汉的母亲把他打扮成女孩并当成女孩来养，而他的儿子格利高里则是个异装癖。他被称为海明威老爹，但他和三个儿子十分疏远。在全世界给予他诸多称赞时，他却变得低迷，在得到许多奖项时引起一片混乱。最终，他在绝望中自尽。复杂一词都不足以形容海明威。在今天的人物传记中，我们将尽全力探索藏在海明威老爹背后的那个真实的人。“每个人的生命结局都是一样的，彼此的差异只在于是怎样的生、又是怎样的死这些细节上面。”
Early Life
早年生活
Ernest Miller Hemingway was born on July 1st, 1899 to Ed and Grace Hemingway. Ed was a doctor in the Chicago suburb of Oak Park. Grace was a talented opera singer who had been forced to give up a promising career due to poor eyesight. She was to replace the adulation she could have received by being a star with an abnormal obsession with her children. For the first six years of his life, young Ernie was dressed and treated as a girl by his mother. She had always wanted twin girls and made her son play that role to his older sister Marcelline. As if to counter the feminizing influences of his wife, Ed, who was a keen outdoorsman, would take his son camping alongside Lake Michigan for two months every year. There Ernest was allowed to dress as a boy and was introduced to the manly arts of hunting and fishing. Hemingway remembered his father as a cruel man. Ed was often harsh to his children if they misbehaved. After whipping them with a razor strap, he would make them pray to God for forgiveness. The son developed a deep hatred for his father, relating that he would sometimes go into the shed, shoulder his father's hunting rifle and line up the old man in his sights. Still, he was able to restrain himself from pulling the trigger.
欧内斯特·米勒尔·海明威于1899年7月1日出生，他的父亲是埃德·海明威，母亲是格蕾丝·海明威。埃德是芝加哥郊区橡树公园的一名医生。格蕾丝是一名才华横溢的歌剧演唱家，但因视力不佳而被迫放弃这一颇有前途的事业。她本应是个一个受到崇拜的明星，但她对自己的孩子有着异常的迷恋。海明威生命中的前六个年头都被母亲打扮成了女孩，也被当成女孩来对待。她一直想要双胞胎女儿，所以就让她儿子扮演他姐姐马塞琳的妹妹这一角色。为了去掉他妻子施加的女性化影响，经常在野外活动的埃德每年都会花两个月带着他儿子去密歇根湖边野营。在那里，他准许欧内斯特穿男孩的衣服，还带他做男人的活动——打猎和钓鱼。海明威记得他父亲是个狠心的人。如果孩子们不听话，埃德总是对他们很严厉。他先用磨剃刀的皮带抽他们，然后让他们祈求上帝的原谅。他十分憎恨他父亲，因此，他有时会去棚子里，扛起父亲的猎枪，瞄准这个老头。他还是控制住了自己，没有扣动扳机。
In high school, Ernest strived to be the center of attention. He was popular with his classmates, throwing himself into every game, activity or prank. Yet, despite his enthusiasm, he was not a very good sportsman. Still, wanting to impress, he would make up stories about his prowess on the football field to please friends and family. It was in the creation of these tall tales that Ernest Hemingway was to discover his gift as a writer. Hemingway's English teacher noticed his talent with the pen and encouraged the boy to try out for the school newspaper. He won a place on the writing team and was soon to publish his first story. The theme of the story would resonate with Hemingway for the rest of his life, coming to a tragic conclusion 45 years later. The short story was called Judgment at Manitou and was about a hunter who ends his life in suicide. The story was received well and Hemingway was spurred on to pursue a career in journalism. Against the wishes of his father, who fully intended for Ernest to a become a doctor, the boy's uncle, who was a friend of the editor of the Kansas City Star, arranged an apprenticeship as a cub reporter. The 17-year old was to handle the crime beat. Hemingway threw himself into the job. The first task was to devour the Star's style book, which was based upon a unique abbreviated prose style. It demanded the use of short sentences and introductory paragraphs along with simple language with an emphasis on 'vigorous English'. Hemingway would recall that this was the best writing advice he ever received...
高中时，欧内斯特努力成为众人的焦点。他在同学中间很受欢迎，每个游戏、活动和恶作剧他都参与。尽管他很有热情，但他不擅长体育运动。他还是想让别人记住他，所以就编了故事说自己在橄榄球场表现非凡，以此来让朋友和家人满意。正是因为创作出这些吹牛的故事，欧内斯特·海明威才发现自己的写作天赋。海明威的英语老师注意到他的写作才华，并鼓励这个男孩为学报供稿。他成为了写作团队的一员，很快就出版了自己的第一篇短篇小说。小说的主题影响了海明威接下来的人生，终于在45年后以惨剧收场。短篇小说名为《马尼托的判断》，它讲述了一名猎人以自杀的方式结束了生命。小说受到了好评，这鼓舞了海明威走上记者的职业道路。海明威的父亲非常想让他做一名医生，但他的叔叔违背了这一意愿，他有个朋友在《堪城星报》当编辑，就安排海明威到那里当了实习记者。这个17岁的小伙子当时负责犯罪新闻。海明威就投身于工作中。他的首个任务就是学习明星报的样本，它基于一种独特的简短散文风格。它要求使用短句、介绍性段落和简单的语言，并强调“充满活力的英文”。海明威回忆到，这是他得到的最棒的写作建议……
War
战争
The entry of the United States into the First World War in 1917 was a major turning point in Ernest's life. The patriotic fervor that was sweeping the nation's youth, coupled with his innate enthusiasm for adventure, swept him up as he tried to join the army. Rejected for defective vision, he tried again – this time applying to the Red Cross Ambulance division in Italy. Before he knew it he was on a ship to Europe. It was in Italy that Hemingway was to get his first experience of the manly camaraderie and freedom that was to mean so much to him. He was able to drink, gamble and carouse into the early hours with impunity. Yet what he really longed for was combat. Far away from the front lines, his days were mainly spent in monotonous dreary tasks. He confided to a friend ... "I'm fed up. There's nothing here but scenery and too damn much of it. I'm going to get out of this ambulance section and see if I can't find out where the war is." Pretty soon the war came to him. On July 8, 1918 he was delivering chocolate rations and cigarettes to Italian soldiers on the Piave River. He got caught in the middle of a German offensive from the other side of the water. A bomb exploded, throwing Hemingway to the ground. The soldier alongside him was killed, but Ernest escaped with shrapnel wounds to his leg. Still, he managed to carry a wounded soldier to safety before collapsing into unconsciousness. Hemingway now became a patient at the Red Cross Hospital in Milan. It was here that he found his first love.
1917年，美国参加了第一次世界大战，这是欧内斯特人生的重大转折点。爱国热情席卷了美国年轻人的内心，加上自己对冒险怀有的一腔热情，海明威参军了。因视力缺陷被拒绝后，他再次进行尝试——这回他申请加入在意大利的红十字会救护车部。在他知道这件事之前，他已经在前往欧洲的轮船上了。海明威在意大利第一次感受到了兄弟情谊和自由，这对他来说意义重大。他学会了喝酒和赌博，即便痛饮到凌晨也不受责罚。但他真正渴望的是战斗。他离前线很远，每天都在做单调枯燥的任务。他向一个朋友吐露了心声……“我厌烦了。这里什么都没有，只有无尽的风景。我要离开救护车部，去看看能不能找到战争进行的地方。”不久，他就被卷入了战争。1918年7月8日，他正在皮亚韦河畔给意大利士兵运送巧克力配给和香烟的路上。他被夹在从河另一边进攻的德军中间。炸弹爆炸了，海明威被震到了地上。欧内斯特周围的士兵都死了，但他逃走了，只是腿上有弹片伤。他还在陷入昏迷之前设法将一名受伤的士兵带到安全的地方。后来，海明威在米兰的红十字医院接受治疗。他正是在那里结识了初恋女友。
Lying in his bed he became captivated with an American volunteer nurse by the name of Agnes Von Kurosky. During his month's recuperation Ernest and Agnes explored the sights of Milan together. Ernest was by now enamored with the dark haired beauty, who was seven years his senior. Her feelings were not so strong... despite agreeing to marry him at war's end. On New Year's Eve, 1918, Hemingway was discharged from the Red Cross and returned to the family home in Oak Park. He took on the persona of a returning war hero, telling the local paper that he was a soldier in the Italian army, and relating how he had been personally decorated by the Italian king for bravery (he hadn't). Hemingway's post war high was shattered by a break-up letter from Agnes. In it she wrote ..."I am now and always will be too old and that's the truth. And I can't get away from the fact that you're just a boy – a kid." This threw Ernest into a tailspin. He spent months loafing around the house until his fed up mother finally tired of his moping and threw him out. Grace gave him some sound, sobering advice ... "Unless you, my son Ernest, cease your lazy loafing, trading on your handsome face to fool gullible little girls, and neglecting your duty to God and your savior, Jesus Christ – unless you come into your manhood – there is nothing before you but bankruptcy." Whether this jolt of reality woke him up or not is uncertain. What we do know is that it was enough to get Ernest out of his funk and on the way to Chicago.
躺在病床上的他对一个名叫艾格尼丝·冯·库罗斯基的美国志愿护士所吸引。在一个月的疗养期间，欧内斯特和艾格尼丝一起欣赏了米兰的风景。欧内斯特被这个年长他7岁的黑发美女迷住了。而她的感觉却没那么强烈……虽然她同意战争结束后和他结婚。1918年的跨年夜，海明威出院并回到橡树公园的家。他扮上了凯旋归来的战斗英雄形象，告诉当地报社称自己是意大利军队的士兵，说自己被意大利国王亲自授予英勇勋章（其实没有）。海明威战后的高涨情绪被艾格尼丝的分手信打压了。她在信中写道：“我现在对你来说太大了，未来也将一直会是这样，这是事实。我没法忘记你是个孩子。”这让海明威十分慌乱。他一直在家里闲混了几个月，后来他母亲厌烦了，就把他赶了出去。格蕾丝给了他一些中肯的建议……“除非你，我的儿子欧内斯特，不再懒散闲混、不再用你的帅气面庞去骗那些小女孩，并忠于上帝和你的救世主耶稣基督——除非你成为男子汉——否则你只会一败涂地。”究竟是不是现实的震撼将他惊醒，我们不确定。但我们知道，这让欧内斯特不再畏缩，他离开家去了芝加哥。
There he wrote articles for the Toronto Star and worked odd jobs to support himself. At a party one night Ernest met a young woman by the name of Hadley Richardson. Hadley was on a visit to the big city from St. Louis, having led a sheltered life under the influence of a domineering mother. Yet, she and Ernest hit it off immediately and, despite the fact that she was eight years older than him - it seems young Ernie had a thing for older women – the relationship blossomed. Nine months later Ernest and Hadley were married. A guest at the wedding was Sherwood Anderson, an up and coming writer who Ernest had befriended. Anderson encouraged the newly weds to move to Paris. He gave Ernest letters of introduction to literary friends who resided on the Left Bank. Managing to secure a position as a foreign correspondent for the Toronto Star, Hemingway took his bride and departed for a new life in Europe.
在那里，他为《多伦多星报》撰稿，还打几份零工糊口。在某天晚上的聚会中，欧内斯特遇见了一个名叫哈德利·理查森的年轻女子。哈德利从圣路易斯来到这个大城市玩，她衣食无忧，但有个专横的母亲。她和欧内斯特马上就来电了，尽管她比他大8岁——似乎年轻的海明威喜欢搞姐弟恋——他们还是发展了恋情。9个月后，欧内斯特和哈德利结婚了。欧内斯特的好朋友舍伍德·安德森参加了婚礼，他是一名前途无量的作家。安德森希望这对新婚夫妇搬到巴黎。他给住在左岸的文学圈朋友写信举荐欧内斯特。海明威设法以《多伦多星报》的驻外记者的身份立足，他带着他的新娘前往欧洲展开新生活。
Europe
欧洲生活
Hemingway quickly inserted himself into the literary set on Paris' Left Bank. The couple moved into a small flat which sat next to a popular dance hall. But drawing on Hadley's trust fund, Hemingway also rented a room on the top floor of a shabby hotel. Here he spent his mornings perfecting the craft of writing. He told himself that all he needed to do was to 'write one true sentence'. But for Ernest Hemingway, being a writer meant seeing, tasting and doing. He spent hours observing people in Paris cafes, chatted freely with strangers and spent long hours drinking with his writing buddies. In Paris, Hemingway was to come under the guidance of celebrated author and playwright Gertrude Stein. She helped him to pare his words down to the essence of the idea and perfect the style for which he would become famous. In 1923, the Hemingways took a trip to Spain, sparking a life-long love affair with the Spanish culture and people. Ernest also fell in love with the national obsession, bull fighting. In Pamplona, he took his six-month pregnant wife to watch the running of the bulls. While she hid her eyes from the spectacle, her husband was spellbound by the power and passion of the event. Hemingway would return to the running of the bulls in Pamplona in the coming years, bringing a succession of literary friends with him.
海明威立刻融入了巴黎左岸的文学圈子。夫妻二人搬进了一间小公寓，紧挨着一家颇受欢迎的舞厅。海明威还用哈德利的信托基金在一家破烂不堪的旅馆顶层租了一间房。早上，他在那里完善他的写作技巧。他告诉自己，他该做的就是“写出一个真实的句子”。但对于欧内斯特·海明威而言，做一名作家意味着看见、体验和动手。他在巴黎的咖啡馆待上几个小时来观察周围的人，还和陌生人闲聊，他还花很长时间和他的作家朋友一起喝酒。在巴黎，海明威接受了著名作家、剧作家格特鲁德·斯坦的指导。她帮助他削减单词数量，只保留思想的精华，还完善了他的风格，而他也是因此而出名的。1923年，海明威夫妇去了西班牙，这点燃了他对西班牙文化和西班牙人一生的热爱。欧内斯特还爱上了西班牙人都喜欢看的斗牛。他带着怀孕6个月的妻子在潘普洛纳观看奔牛。她捂住眼睛不看这一场面，而她的丈夫却着迷地欣赏着活动的力量与激情。在接下来的几年中，海明威经常到潘普洛纳观看奔牛，还带了许多文学界朋友。
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