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Countries around the world have shut down to curb the spread of the coronavirus.
为遏制冠状病毒的传播，世界各国均已经相继封城。
But in South Korea, people are starting to come back out on the streets.
韩国的民众却陆陆续续回到了街头。
Starting in late February, South Korea was reporting a sharp increase in coronavirus cases.
从2月下旬开始，韩国报告的冠状肺炎病例急剧增加。
With over 5,000 infected, they were registering some of the highest numbers of confirmed cases in the world.
感染人数超过5000人，登记的确诊病例数量更是位居世界前列。
But then something changed.
但后来，情况变了。
While cases in most other countries continued to rise, Korea’s numbers started leveling off.
其他国家的感染人数都在持续上升，韩国的数据却开始趋于平稳了。
Look at how this curve starts to bend.
大家不妨看看这条曲线的走势。
It indicates that Korea managed to contain the spread of the virus early on.
曲线表明，韩国早早地便控制住了病毒的传播。
And they were able to do it because they'd learned a valuable lesson a few years ago,
而他们之所以能做到这一点，是因为他们几年前在与另一场冠状病毒疫情斗争时
when they fought a different coronavirus outbreak.
积累了宝贵的经验。
"In South Korea, the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome."
“韩国，中东呼吸综合征。”
"The death toll, on the rise."
“死亡人数仍在上升。”
"Aggressively trying to contain the deadly outbreak."
“积极控制这一致命的疫情。”
"The government was caught completely off guard."
“彻底打了政府一个措手不及。”
"Authorities are still trying to track down and isolate anyone who may have been exposed."
“当局仍在努力追查并隔离任何可能已经感染的个体。”
In 2015 a Korean businessman returning from the Middle East developed a fever, cough, and eventually pneumonia.
2015年，一名从中东回国的韩国商人陆续出现了发烧、咳嗽的症状，最后逐渐发展成了肺炎。
He went to several health facilities for a diagnosis,
他去了好几家医疗机构检查，
before finally testing positive for MERS or Middle East Respiratory Syndrome caused by a coronavirus.
最终，中东呼吸综合征(MERS)检测结果呈阳性，（好巧不巧，）这一病症的罪魁祸首就是冠状病毒。
By that point his movements had created a chain of transmission that became hard for officials to trace.
截至当时，他的活动已经串连起了一条传染链，一条官员们很难追踪的传染链。
They didn't know who was infected or where they had been.
他们不知道谁被感染了，也不知道那些人又去了哪里。
"It lasted less than two months,
“虽然疫情只持续了不到两个月，
but it was a big panic in South Korea.
但在韩国造成了非常大的恐慌。”
Altogether, the virus infected 186 people and killed 38 in South Korea.
该病毒在韩国总共感染了186人，38人不治身亡。
The highest of anywhere outside the Middle East.
韩国也成为了那次疫情在中东以外感染最为严重的国家。
The government declared an end to the outbreak in 2015.
2015年，韩国政府宣布抗疫结束。
"Citizens can relax."
“市民可以放心了。”
"The virus no longer poses a threat."
“该病毒不再具有威胁性了。”
But they didn’t stop planning.
但他们并没有停止未雨绸缪。
"We got many lessons learned--the importance of the diagnostic test, and we need basic infection prevention measures."
“我们吸取了很多教训，比如诊断检测的重要性，比如我们需要采取基本的感染预防措施。”
The lessons all came into play when the next outbreak took hold in the country.
疫情再次爆发时，所有教训都有了用武之地。
On December 31st, 2019, China reported the first case of the coronavirus.
2019年12月31日，中国报告了首例新冠肺炎病例。
In the following weeks, as the outbreak started spreading across the world, South Korea only had 30 confirmed cases of the virus.
接下来的几周，疫情开始在世界各地蔓延，韩国却只有30例确诊病例。
But despite the low numbers, health authorities had already started working with biotech companies to develop a test for the novel coronavirus.
尽管这一数字很小，韩国卫生当局还是开始了与生物技术公司合作，研发新型冠状病毒检测手段的工作。
And soon, they had thousands of test kits ready to go.
很快，他们就准备好了数千个检测包。
"Lessons learned from MERS outbreak in 2015...
“2015年从MERS疫情中吸取的教训……
First one is diagnostic tests.
头一个便是诊断加测。
It's very essential.
这是非常必要的。
We developed a lot of diagnostic tests and distributed in every hospital."
我们研制出了很多诊断检测试剂，在所有医院定点发放。”
They prepared for the worst, and the worst quickly followed.
他们做好了最坏的打算，这一天很快就来了。
By late February, the total number of coronavirus cases rose dramatically, crossing 3000.
截至2月下旬，韩国新冠肺炎病例总数大幅上升，达到了3000例以上。
This made South Korea's outbreak the largest outside of mainland China.
韩国也因此成为了中国大陆以外疫情最为严重的地区。
And it all started here in Daegu, where a woman went to the hospital with a fever.
而这一切还要从大邱说起，当时，一名女士发烧去了医院。
Because the government had already equipped hospitals with coronavirus tests, doctors were able to test her.
由于政府已经为医院配备了新冠病毒检测试剂，所以医生有对她进行检测的条件。
She tested positive and became known as patient 31.
检测结果呈阳性，该女士便有了“31号患者”的名号。
But the testing didn’t stop there.
然而，他们的测试并没有到此结束。
While she was sick, patient 31, had gone to a megachurch where she sat with a congregation of hundreds for more than an hour.
生病期间，“31号患者”去过一个大教堂，在那里，她和数百名会众一起坐了一个多小时。
So they traced her movements, identified people she had come into contact with and tested those people as well, whether they showed symptoms or not.
他们追踪了她的行动，确认了她接触过的那些人，又对这些人进行了测试，无论他们是否已经出现感染症状。
Many of them also tested positive.
结果，有不少人的检测结果都是阳性。
So they were quickly isolated and treated at home or at a center.
这些人很快便被隔离起来，在家里或在隔离中心接受治疗。
And then, all the people they had been in contact with were traced and tested too.
随后，他们接触过的所有人也都被追踪出来做了测试。
This is called contact tracing.
这便是所谓的“接触追踪”。
It’s an approach that allowed Korea to test over 9,000 people who had been in contact with someone who had tested positive.
通过这种办法，韩国对接触过检测呈阳性的患者的9000多人都进行了检测。
