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And that brings us to another way to protect yourself: hand sanitizer. Hand sanitizers, specifically ones that contain at least 60% alcohol,
这就引出了另一种保护自己的方法：洗手液。洗手液，尤其是那些酒精含量不少于60%的洗手液
can kill almost all of the coronavirus particles they come in contact with for long enough.
可以杀死几乎所有的冠状病毒颗粒，只要它们接触的时间足够长。
Like soap, alcohol kills coronaviruses by disrupting the membrane that surrounds them.
很肥皂一样，酒精通过破坏冠状病毒周围的膜来杀死它们。
But rather than straight-up ripping the membrane apart, alcohol interacts with the membranein a way that makes it less stable and more permeable.
但是酒精并不是直接把膜撕开，而是以一种使膜更不稳定和更易渗透的方式与膜相互作用。
Then, the alcohol molecules can actually get inside the virus and wreak havoc on its proteins, destroying them from within.
然后酒精分子进入病毒内部，对其蛋白质进行破坏，从内部摧毁它们。
As with hand washing, experts recommend making sure the sanitizer covers all the nooks and crannies of your hands,
用洗手液时，专家建议要确保洗手液覆盖手部的所有角落和缝隙，
and leaving it there for at least 20 seconds so the alcohol has enough time to kill the germs.
接触时间不少于20秒，这样酒精才能有足够的时间杀死细菌。
That said, there's a shortage of hand sanitizer, too.
也就是说，现在也缺洗手液。
So don't overdo it with the hoarding — just buy however many bottles you need, and leave the rest for everyone else.
所以不要过度囤货——需要多少买多少，将剩下的留给其他人。
Meanwhile, disinfectants can do for surfaces what hand sanitizer and washing with soap does for your hands.
同时，消毒液对表面的作用就像洗手液和肥皂对手的作用一样。
In earlier studies, researchers found that coronaviruses can stay alive on surfaces like metal, glass, or plastic for a long time.
在更早期的研究中，研究人员发现冠状病毒可以在金属、玻璃或塑料等物体上存活很长一段时间。
And a recent study found that SARS-CoV-2 can live for 2-3 days on stainless steel and plastic.
一项近期研究发现SARS-CoV-2可以在不锈钢和塑料上存活2到3天。
It's worth noting that this study hasn't been peer-reviewed yet, which generally means scientists take the results with a grain of salt.
值得注意的是，这项研究还没有经过同行评审，这通常意味着科学家对结果持怀疑态度。
But given the other studies, the results make sense. And if the viruses can hang around for days, disinfecting surfaces regularly is especially important.
但鉴于其他研究，这些结果也有道理。如果这些病毒可以持续存在好几天，那么定期对表面进行消毒就显得尤为重要。
You might think of going straight for the bleach, since it's usually considered a pretty hardcore disinfectant.
你可能会想到直接使用漂白剂，因为它通常被认为是一种非常硬核的消毒剂。
And it's not a bad choice — chlorine bleach is super effective at killing viruses.
这是一个不错的选择——氯漂白剂在杀死病毒方面非常有效。
Scientists aren't totally clear on how that works, but we know the super-reactive chlorine in the bleach destroys microbes pretty thoroughly.
科学家并不完全清楚它是如何起作用的，但我们知道漂白剂中的超活性氯会彻底破坏微生物。
But some experts have noted it's not always the best choice.
但一些专家指出，漂白剂并不总是最好的选择。
It can damage surfaces like metals and clothing, and it might not be as effective outdoors.
它会破坏金属和衣物等表面，在户外可能效果不佳。
Plus, the fumes can irritate the lining of your respiratory tract, which is not ideal when you're trying to fight off a respiratory virus.
另外，烟气会刺激呼吸道内壁，当你试图对抗呼吸道病毒时，它的效果并不理想。
If you do opt for bleach, be sure to check the expiration date, because over time, bleach actually breaks down and loses its potency.
如果你选择了漂白剂，一定要看看有效期，因为随着时间的推移，漂白剂实际上会分解并失去效力。
You also, though, have other options. Alcohol-based wipes are effective, too. And so is hydrogen peroxide.
你还有其他的选择。含酒精的湿巾也很有效。过氧化氢也是。
It produces super reactive charged particles known as free radicals, which are also great at ripping apart those outer membranes we keep talking about.
它会产生一种叫做自由基的超活性带电粒子，这种粒子也能很好地撕开我们一直在讨论的外膜。
So, even if masks probably won't help you, there are plenty of other tools in our collective coronavirus-fighting arsenal.
所以即便口罩可能帮不到你，在我们共同抗击冠状病毒的武器库中还有很多其他的工具。
And now that you know how they work, you can go ahead and put them to good use. Stay safe!
现在你已经知道它们是如何起作用的人，你可以继续有效地使用它们。注意安全！
And thanks for watching this episode of SciShow!
感谢收看本期节目！
And especially to our patrons on Patreon, who help keep SciShow free for viewers like you.
特别感谢我们的赞助人，是他们帮助我们为大家制作像这样的免费视频。
If you found this episode helpful and want to help support the team here,
如果你觉得本期视频有用，并想帮助支持我们团队，
you can learn more about joining our amazing patron community at Patreon.com/SciShow.
你可以登录Patreon.com/SciShow了解更多关于加入我们社区的信息。
And let us know if you have any other questions about the new coronavirus in the comments!
如果大家对新型冠状病毒有任何其他问题，请在下方评论告知！
