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Early melodrama often borrowed from gothic stories and had strong supernatural elements.
早期音乐剧的剧情常常借用惊悚故事 含有很强的超自然元素
Heroes and heroines were often virtuous working-class types. And the villains were squires and landlord's.
男女主角通常是善良的工人阶级 而恶棍都是乡绅和地主
That had to feel pretty good for urban workers, sticking it to the bourgeois class, right there on stage.
对于那些城市里的工人来说感觉肯定很棒 把中产阶级弄到舞台上批斗
The style became more domestic in the 1820s and 1830s when there was a craze for true crime melodramas.
到了19世纪20年代和30年代 随着人们对真实的犯罪音乐剧的狂热 音乐剧的风格也变得更加的接地气
And there were all sorts of mellow subgenres too, dog melodramas of course, but also,
而且出现了各种类型的音乐剧的分支 狗子音乐剧 这个不用说当然有 还有
equestrian dramas with horses running on treadmills and nautical dramas and battle dramas and a whole sub-genre devoted to grave-digging.
马术戏剧—马在踏车上跑步 还有航海剧和战争剧 另外还有一整个专门挖掘坟墓的分支
Are we that far away from the late roman theatre? We are not, though there is less nudity and people don't actually die on stage on purpose.
那会儿的戏剧和罗马晚期的戏剧 差距真的就这么大吗 差距其实并不大 虽说裸体少了 人们也不会在舞台上故意死去
Melodrama became even more spectacular with playwrights trying to out do one another to create sensation scenes,
音乐剧的场景更加地壮观 编剧们都想方设法创造那种轰动的场景
moments of plot and stage craft that would leave the audience gasping.
剧情的某些时刻和舞台技巧足以让观众们倒吸一口冷气
This is when you get avalanches and erupting volcanoes and exploding steamboats.
这些时刻通常是雪崩、火山爆发或者蒸汽船爆炸
Melodrama was an opportunity for set designers to really strut their stuff.
音乐剧为布景设计师们提供了一个真正展示才华的机会
And plays called for ruined castles, desolate mountains, frothing waterfalls, prisons, caverns, tombs. Tombs, yorick, tombs.
戏剧布景有毁灭的城堡、荒凉的山脉、倾泻的瀑布、监狱、洞穴、坟墓 有坟墓啊 尤里克 坟墓
But here's a funny thing about melodrama.
但是音乐剧有一个有趣的点
Even though the plays are wildly unrealistic, they're actually a precursor to realism.
这些戏剧尽管非常地不现实 但它们其实竟是现实主义的先驱
Melodrama demanded an unprecedented level of authenticity from its set designers.
音乐剧对布景的真实性的要求前所未有
Because audiences wanted the place to look as real as possible, even if the stuff that was happening was, well, melodramatic.
因为观众希望场景能看上去接近真实 即使剧情并不真实
So they built and used all kinds of flats and treadmills and revolves just in case the play called for a rail crash or a chariot race.
所以他们建造并使用了各种各样的布景屏和踏车 该款踏车还能在火车相撞或者战车比赛这种场景下旋转
And this raised the bar for productions of serious drama too.
这也同时提高了正剧的制作标准
Also, the plays themselves dared to show all kinds of people in all kinds of situations.
而且 音乐剧本身也敢于在各种场合向各种人展示
Because they were written quickly and often mirrored real life scandals and contemporary novels.
因为音乐剧的创作速度很快 它们反映的通常是现实生活中发生的丑闻和一些当代的小说
They tended to be highly topical. Yes, they were undergirded by christian morality and had to end happily, but
而且它们往往有着很强的话题性 是的 它们在基督教道德的支撑下不得不快乐地结束 不过
these were some of the first plays to take on racism, sexism, crime, and urban poverty.
这些只是第一批涉及到了种族主义、性别歧视、犯罪和城市贫困的戏剧
The genres mvp is an irishman named Dionysius Boucicanl who churned out melodrama after melodrama and sensation after sensation.
音乐剧最优秀的剧作家是一个爱尔兰人 叫迪奥尼修斯·布奇卡尔 他创作了一个又一个音乐剧 而且一个比一个轰动
The Exploding Riverboat, that was him.
《爆炸的船》 就是他的作品
Boucicanl wrote quickly and he wrote topically. His plays are witty and sentimental and totally spectacular.
布奇卡尔的出作速度很快 而且作品的主题很鲜明 他的戏剧诙谐、伤感、极其壮观
And he was a savvy businessman. He franchised his plays rewriting the poor of New York as the poor of London and the poor of Paris.
布奇卡尔是一个精明的商人 他会把自己的戏剧从纽约的穷人改写成伦敦的穷人、巴黎的穷人
But he didn't want other people doing any rewriting.
不过他并不喜欢别人对他的作品进行任何的修改
And his lawsuits helped inform the international copyright agreement of 1886, because he wanted to make sure he got his royalties.
也正是他的多次诉讼案促使了1886年的《国际版权协议》的生成 因为他想确保自己拿到版税
Did this stop him from stealing from other playwrights though, it did not.
不过话说回来 这并没有阻止他本人剽窃其他剧作家的作品
Boucicanl eventually landed in America. So we'll be seeing him again in our next episode.
布奇卡尔最后去了美国 下一集我们还会讲到他
But we're gonna take a sneak peek at American theater now, exploring one of the most popular
不过现在我们先来提前看一下美国的戏剧 探索19世纪最受欢迎
and iconic melodramas of the 19th century, Augustin Daly's 1867 play Under The Gaslight.
以及最具代表性的其中的一部音乐剧 奥古斯丁·戴利1867年的《煤气灯下》
Daly was a successful theater manager and one of theaters first directors.
戴利是一个成功的剧院经理 也是第一批剧院导演之一
I remember all of those cartoons where they tie some lady to the tracks just as the train is coming. That starts here.
我还记得很多那种漫画 画的是火车过来的时候一个女人被绑在铁轨上 其起源就在这里
Take it away thoughtbubble.
我们来看思想泡泡
Lovely and pure Laura courtland is engaged to the dashing captain Ray Trafford.
可爱而纯洁的劳拉·考特兰与风度翩翩的队长雷·特拉福德订婚了
But turns out Laura is adopted and was at one time a child pickpocket.
但是后来发现劳拉是被收养的 而且小时候是个小偷
Instead of being like: Hey, cool backstory, captain Trafford is like: Maybe I need a wife who's not a daughter of obscurity and crime.
队长雷·特拉福德的反应并不是：嘿 背景很酷啊 而是说：或许我所需要的妻子不能是身份低微的罪犯的女儿
Laura runs away from home and ends up supporting herself by hand coloring photographs.
劳拉只能离开这个家 从此用手绘照片来支撑自己
She's brave and good so she manages. But her birth parents Byke, the criminal and Judas a drunk find her.
不过她是个勇敢善良的姑娘 所以她坚持了下去 但是她的亲生父母拜克和茹达斯找到了她 他们一个是罪犯 一个是酒鬼
Byke drags her to the court, though it's not really clear why, and the judge agrees that she acknowledged Byke as her father.
拜克把她拖上法庭 虽然不知道是什么原因 但是法官宣判她要承认拜克是自己的父亲
Then Byke tries to kidnap Laura and take her to, oh no, new jersey.
之后拜克试图绑架劳拉把她带到 哦不 新泽西
But snorky, a good-hearted one-armed civil war veteran, soils Bykes plans.
但是斯诺奇 一个善良的独臂内战老兵 破坏了拜克的计划
Byke retaliates by tying snorky to the train tracks. But Laura hacks her way out of a nearby railway shed,
后来拜克将斯诺奇绑在铁轨上对其进行报复 但是劳拉成功地从附近的一个火车棚里破门而出
Which is conveniently full of axes and rescues snorky just in time. A good gender reversal.
用斧头很方便 最后劳拉营救的很及时 不错的性别反转
Snorky says: And these are the women who ain't to have a vote.
斯诺奇说：这些个连投票权都没有的女人
The two of them go off to stop Byke from murdering Laura's snooty adopted sister, pearl.
后来他俩前去阻止拜克谋杀劳拉的一个被领养的傲慢的妹妹 珍珠
And in the last scene, we find out that: Hey, Laura was switched at birth with pearl.
在最后一个场景中 我们发现：嘿 原来劳拉出生的时候和珍珠掉包了
So she really is a lady. And now she and captain Trafford, the guy who ran out on her when he thought she was poor, can get married.
所以劳拉其实是一名“淑女” 现在她可以和那位在他认为她很穷的时候抛弃她的特拉福德队长结婚了
Oh, and old Judas falls off a horse and dies. And Byke is forced to emigrate. The end. Thank you thoughtbubble.
哦 还有老茹达斯 她从马上掉下来摔死了 而拜克只能被迫到别的国家去 这就是结局 谢谢思想泡泡
America is bananas, huh? And maybe Laura should just choose herself or good old snorky.
美国人都是疯子吗 哈？劳拉不是应该选择单身或者和老斯诺奇在一起吗
But either way, this passes for a happy ending.
但是 不管怎么说 结局是好的
And underneath all the sensationalism of the play and obviously there's a lot of it. There is some realism.
在戏剧的轰动效应之下 显然会有很多这样的故事 而且里面包含一些现实主义成分
Most of the settings here are real, from Delmonico's famous restaurant in Manhattan to
戏剧大部分的场景都是真实的 其中有曼哈顿著名的德尔莫尼科餐厅
Central Courts to a Hudson river pier. It's sort of a travel guide to 1867 New York.
有中央法院 有哈德逊河码头 有点儿像是1867年的纽约旅行指南
But it also reveals the anxieties of 1867 New Yorkers. They're worried about money.
同时它也揭示了1867年的纽约人的焦虑 他们为钱发愁
They're worried about class. They're worried about how close the criminal world was to polite society.
为阶级问题发愁 他们还忧心犯罪世界离文明世界太近
And how living in a big city means that all sorts of people gotta just jostle up against each other.
但是生活在大城市里便意味着各种各样的人不得不挤在一起
And clearly, they're also worried about trains.
而且很显然 他们还担心火车
Thanks for watching. Try to not let any cowcatchers heat you on the way out.
谢谢观看 出门的时候要小心别被火车给蹭了
We're gonna stay in America for the next episode when we explore how this great big nation, got a theater in the first place.
下一集我们继续呆在美国 届时我们将探索这个伟大的国家是如何拥有一座剧院的
Take that, puritans. Oh, and also Canada beat us to it.
看好了 清教徒们 哦 加拿大赶在我们前面了
But did canada have a theatrical riot that killed more than 20 people and injured a hundred more?
但是 加拿大是不是发生过一场戏剧性的骚乱 导致20多人死亡 100多人受伤？
No, that one is all ours typical. Until then, curtain!
不 那是我们这里常有的事儿 下集见 闭幕！
