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Those are the only facts in the text, so they're the only things you can be sure about.
这些是文章中唯一的事实，所以这些是你唯一能确定的内容。
To do well with IELTS true/false/not given questions, you need to separate fact from speculation.
要想在雅思正确/错误/答案未给出的题目不失分，你需要把事实和猜测部分区分开来。
Finally, look for expressions of uncertainty.
最后，查找拿不准的表达内容。
This is the opposite of the point we just mentioned.
这与我们刚才提到的内容相反。
Look for modal verbs like 'could', 'might' or 'must'.
查找情态动词，如could, might或must。
Look for expressions which indicate uncertainty, for example 'it is thought that…' or 'many experts believe that…'
寻找表示不确定性的内容，例如“it is thought that…”或“many experts believe that…”
For example, the text says that zander are thought to be from Western Europe.
例如，文章中提到梭鲈被认为来自西欧。
Does that mean they are definitely from Western Europe, or is it uncertain?
这是否意味着梭鲈肯定来自西欧，还是不确定？
The text says that scientists claim that zander have harmed many native English fish species.
文章中指出，科学家声称梭鲈已经伤害了许多英国本土鱼类物种。
From this, can you say for sure that zander have damaged English wildlife?
根据这一点，是否能肯定梭鲈伤害了英国的野生动物？
Of course, the exact points you consider depend on the question you're trying to answer.
当然，考生要考虑的确切点取决于所要回答的问题。
However, it's good practice to think about these different things when you're preparing for your IELTS reading test.
然而，准备雅思阅读考试时，思考这些不同的事情是一个很好的练习方法。
To get a high score, you need really good attention to detail.
要得到高分，需要非常注意细节。
Part three: how to answer true/false/not given questions.
第三部分:如何回答正确/错误/答案未给出的问题。
Let's do a few questions together to practise.
我们一起做几道题练习一下。
First I'm going to give you the statement which you need to read, then I'll give you the part of the text where you would find the answer.
首先我会给出大家需要阅读的内容，然后给出你们可以查找答案的部分。
All you have to do is decide if the statement is true, false, or not given.
你们要做的就是判断这个陈述是正确的，错误的，还是没有给出答案。
Here's your first statement.
这是第一个表述。
Read it and think about what you could be looking for.
阅读并思考你可能要查找的答案。
"Bananas became popular as soon as they were brought to Europe."
“香蕉被引进欧洲后就开始流行起来。”
Here is the text: "After their introduction to Europe bananas were an immediate sensation and became a staple in many people's diets."
原文是这样的：“香蕉被引入欧洲后立刻引起轰动，成为许多人的主食。”
So, what do you think? Is the statement true, false or not given? It's true.
你有什么想法？这个陈述是正确的，错误的还是没有给出答案？这是正确的。
The text says 'immediate sensation' and the statement says that 'bananas were popular as soon as they were brought to Europe'.
文中写道“立刻引起轰动”，文中还指出“香蕉一被引进欧洲就大受欢迎”。
These are exactly the same thing.
两种表达其实是一样的。
Even if you don't know the exact meaning of 'sensation' or 'staple', you could still could still make a good guess based on:.
即使你不知道'sensation'或'staple'的确切含义，仍然可以根据以下内容做出一个完整的猜测。
1. The link between 'as soon as' and 'immediate'.
1.“as soon as（一...就）”和“immediate（立即）”之间的联系。
2. 'Many people's diets'.
“很多人的饮食中”。
Even if you don't know what 'staple' means, you can hopefully work out that many people were eating bananas.
即使你不知道“staple”是什么意思，你也可以推断出有很多人在吃香蕉。
That allows you to say that bananas were popular.
这样你就可以说香蕉很受欢迎。
Let's do one more.
咱们再来练习一下。
Here's the statement: "Capsaicin can irreversibly damage the mouth." And here's the relevant sentence from the text.
句子是这样的：“辣椒素会对口腔造成不可逆转的伤害。”下面是课文中相关的句子。
"Capsaicin, found in chili peppers, causes temporary irritation of the cells in the mouth."
“在红辣椒中发现的辣椒素会暂时刺激口腔中的细胞。”
Do you know what capsaicin is? Does it matter? Not really.
你知道capsaicin（辣椒素）是什么意思吗吗？这有关系吗？当然没有。
Even if you have no idea what capsaicin is, you can still be sure that this one is false.
即使你不知道辣椒素是什么，你仍然可以确定这是错误的。
How can you be sure? If something is irreversibly damaged, then it's permanent; the text says it is only temporary irritation.
怎么能确定呢？如果某个事物受到了不可逆转的破坏，那么伤害就是永久性的；文章说，这只是暂时的刺激。
Therefore, it has to be false.
因此，这个表达是错误的。
Let's do another one.
再来练习一个。
Here's the statement: "Bananas can be part of a parrot's diet.
句子是:“香蕉可以成为鹦鹉饮食的一部分。
"And here's the text: "Parrots must compete with larger animals, such as monkeys, for the available food, and especially fruit.
文章是这样写的:“鹦鹉必须与猴子等更大的动物争夺食物，尤其是水果。”
Larger fruits, such as bananas, are mostly consumed by monkeys, who can reach them easily by climbing."
香蕉等大一些的水果通常是猴子的食物，因为他们可以攀爬并轻松地摘到香蕉。”
What do you think? The text doesn't say that parrots eat bananas, but the statement includes the word 'can'.
你觉得呢？文章没有说到鹦鹉吃香蕉，但问题中包括了“可以”这个词汇。
Is there anything in the text which tells us that it's possible for parrots to eat bananas? No, there isn't.
课文中有提到鹦鹉可能吃香蕉的信息吗？并没有。
We know that parrots eat fruit, and that bananas are mostly consumed by monkeys.
我们知道鹦鹉吃水果，而猴子的食物主要是香蕉。
The text suggests strongly that parrots can eat bananas, but it doesn't directly say so.
文中强烈建议鹦鹉可以吃香蕉，但没有直接说出来。
So, the answer is ‘not given'.
所以，答案是“并未给出”。
Be careful with questions like these.
对于这类答案一定要谨慎。
It's natural to read something like this and guess that parrots can eat bananas.
读到这样的内容会很容易猜测鹦鹉会吃香蕉的。
It's reasonable to guess—the text does suggest this.
这种猜测是合理的——文中确实提到了这一点。
However, your answers must be based on what the text says or doesn't say.
然而，你的答案必须基于文章的内容。
