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Hi. I'm Rebecca from www.engvid.com.
同学们好，我是www.engvid.com的Rebecca。
In the past 30 years, I've worked with thousands of students from all over the world to help them improve their English communication skills.
过去30年里，我教过的学生少说也有好几千了吧，各个国家的都有，我的工作就是帮他们提高他们的英语沟通技巧。
In the past year, I've been researching the most important errors and the most common errors made by English learners.
过去的一年，我一直在研究英语学习者经常会犯的一些最关键和最常见的错误。
And what I've done is I've put all of this information together into a course.
我已经把研究的结果整理成了一门课。
It's called: "Correct Your English Errors in 10 Minutes a Day".
这门课的名字就叫：“每天10分钟英语纠错”。
I'm very excited to tell you about this course,
我特别想跟大家推荐这门课，
because I really think it's an easy, quick, fast way for you to improve your English and take it to a higher level. All right?
因为它真的是提高英语水平，使其更上一层楼的一个简单、快捷又迅速的办法，好吗？
But first what I want to do is tell you:
但首先，我想问问大家：
What are the points you have to keep in mind when you are trying to improve your English?
提高英语水平的时候，你必须牢记哪些要点？
What do you need to know about correcting your errors?
纠正英语错误的时候，你又需要了解哪些原则？
So, let me share a little bit of my results from my research so it can help you. Okay?
那么，接下来，我就来跟大家分享一点我这次的研究成果，希望可以帮到大家，好吗？
And then we will look at specific types of errors, and do a little quiz to see where you stand. Okay?
之后我们会具体分析几种类型的错误，然后做一个小测验，看看大家掌握得怎么样，大家准备好了吗？
Let's get started.
那我们就开始吧。
So, first, when you're correcting your English, really, you can do two things. Right?
首先，纠正英语错误的时候，你需要做两件事。
When you're improving your English, you can do two things;
换句话说，提高英语水平的时候，你需要做两件事：
you can learn what's right or correct what's wrong.
一是学习正确的用法，二是纠正错误。
Now we're talking about this area where we correct what's wrong.
现在我们要谈论的是纠正错误这个范畴。
So, in order to correct what's wrong, what do you need to do?
那么问题来了，要纠正错误，你需要做些什么呢？
First, you need to know what's wrong.
首先，你得知道错在了哪儿。
So, when I get an essay or I get an email to correct, what's the problem?
举个例子，当我收到一篇要纠错的作文或邮件的时候，我就得去找，哪里有问题？
It's not that the person was trying to make mistakes.
并不是说写那篇论文或写那封邮件的人就想犯错。
They weren't trying to make mistakes; they're trying to do their best. Right?
他们并不是想犯错，他们是想拿出自己的最好成绩的，对吧？
That's what you do every time you write or every time you speak.
大家每次写点儿什么或说点儿什么的时候都是想拿出自己的最高水平的，
but you didn't know that something was wrong.
问题是你自己不知道你哪儿错了。
So, first you have to know what's wrong.
综上所述，首先，你得知道是哪里错了。
Then you have to understand why it's wrong.
其次，你得知道为什么是错的。
Why is it this word and not that word?
为什么要用这个词不用那个词？
Why is it this verb tense and not that verb tense?
为什么用这个时态而不是那个时态？
And so on and so forth. Okay?
以此类推，好吧？
Then you have to learn how to fix it. Okay?
再然后，你得学着去改正错误。
Is it a spelling change?
是拼写存在改动？
It is a punctuation error?
还是标点符号错了？
What kind of mistake is it?
究竟是哪种错误？
That's what we're going to be looking at - the types of mistakes.
这就是我们一会儿要讨论的问题：错误的类型。
Because once you understand and correct a type of mistake,
因为一旦你掌握并能改正一种类型的错误的话，
you will correct lots of mistakes all at once. Okay?
那你一下子就能改正很多错误，好吧？
And that's what I want you to do; to make quick progress, fast progress. Okay.
这就是我希望你们掌握的学习办法；快速进步，好吧。
Then what you need to do, which many students do, is to practice it immediately.
接下来你们需要做的，很多学生也做到了的就是立即投入练习。
So, for example, if I teach you something in this lesson or in any one of my engVid lessons,
打个比方，我这节课或我讲的任何一节engVid的课讲了某个知识点，
after you watch it, what you need to do is to practice something with that immediately.
看完视频之后，你们需要做的就是找个机会立马练起来。
That's why we usually have a quiz, right?
这也是我们经常都会设置随堂小测验的原因。
So that you can go there right away, do some more practice to put that information really into your head;
这样你就能立马打开测验，再做几道练习题，把知识点真正输入到你的大脑里；
and not just to put it passively there, but to use it. Right?
而不是被动地把它印在你的脑海里，你得把它用起来，对吧？
To use whatever you've learned in a practical way.
用实际训练的方式来运用学到的所有知识点。
So, you need to practice it immediately, but sometimes that's where students stop.
也就是说，你需要立即投入练习，但有的同学可能就止步于此了。
They practice it right away, and then they don't touch it after that, and they think: "I did it. I know it", but not quite.
他们也会立即练习，只是练完之后他们就再也不碰它了，就觉得，“练习我也做了，我已经掌握了，”其实并没有。
So, what's also very, very important in terms of our brain,
所以，同样非常非常重要的，就我们的大脑，
in terms of how we learn, in terms of how we remember, is this point, here:
就我们学习的方式方法，我们的记忆方式而言，同样非常非常重要的是：
That you need to review it frequently.
你得经常复习。
Review anything that you learn often; otherwise, it's not going to stay with you.
无论你学的是什么，都要经常复习；不然知识就不会一直跟着你。
So, for example, in my course, what we have are we have daily quizzes,
比如，我的课，我们就有每日小测验，
we have weekly tests, we have monthly reviews with the same material. Okay?
还有每周的考试，到了月末还会拿同样的材料出来复习。
So that after a while, you say: "Of course I know that. I know how...
这样，过了一段时间之后，你才能说：“我肯定已经掌握了呀。我知道怎么……
The difference between 'it's' and 'its'.
我知道“It‘s”和“its”之间的区别了。
I know the difference between 'affect' and 'effect'.
知道“affect”和“effect”之间的区别。
That's not a problem", because you've reviewed it.
这都不是问题”，因为你已经复习过了。
If you don't review it, then it's going to drop away. Okay?
如果你不复习，知识就会从你手里溜走，明白了吗？
So this is an essential part of brain-based learning, of very smart learning.
总之，复习是基于大脑的学习方式，或者说聪明的学习方式非常重要的一个环节。
Not just hard learning, but smart learning.
不要死记硬背，要聪明地学习。
And then you need to know what's important.
其次，你得知道哪些（错误）比较重要。
So, let's say you get back your essay and there are twenty corrections.
就比如你拿到了你的作文，老师一共给你指出了20处错误。
So, are they all equally important? No.
那么，这些错误都是同等重要的吗？不是。
Some are critical.
有一部分是比较严重的错误。
If you make some mistakes, you can get very low marks on your IELTS or TOEFL, you could lose a job possibility, right?
有的错误是你犯了之后，你的雅思或托福分数就可能很低，又或者你会有失去工作的风险。
You could have a very low grade in university.
又或者，犯了之后你的大学成绩就会很低的错误。
But some other mistakes are not so serious;
但也有一些错误没有那么严重；
they're very advanced kind of technical mistakes that even English learners might make.
它们就是那些非常高级的专业错误，即便是本来就说英语的学习者也可能犯那样的错误。
Those are not as serious.
这种错误都没有那么严重。
But if you make basic mistakes with verb tenses,
但如果你犯的是动词时态这种基本错误，
if you forget to use a verb, or something like that,
是忘了用动词之类的错误，
if you don't use an article,
又或者没有用冠词，
then those mistakes are more fundamental and more serious.
这种错误就比较基本比较严重了。
And that's what I made sure is in the course and also what I'm going to tell you about right now. Okay?
这就是我这节课要给大家讲的东西，也是我接下来就要讲的东西，好吧。
So, let's do that.
那我们就开始讲吧。
Okay, so let's go through these common mistakes.
好的，我们先来看几类常见的错误。
Number one: "Everyone is here" or "Everyone are here"?
第一类：“Everyone is here”还是“Everyone are here”？
What's correct?
哪个是正确的？
This is a question of subject-verb agreement.
这是一个主谓一致的问题。
So, what do you think it is?
那么，你觉得正确答案是哪一个呢？
It should be: "Everyone is here." Okay?
应该是：“Everyone is here。”看清楚了吗？
"Everyone", "someone", "anyone", "no one" - these are all singular, and that's something that is always true. Okay?
“Everyone”，“someone”，“anyone”，“no one”，这些都是单数（代词），而且永远是单数。
So, it's something that once you learn that, you know that you can apply it always. All right?
也就是说，一旦你掌握了这一点，就可以每次都这么用，知道吗？
Here we go.
好的。
Number two - this is a preposition error:
第二类，这是一个介词问题：
"I've lived here since two years" or "I've lived here for two years"?
是“I've lived here since two years”，还是“I've lived here for two years”？
Which is correct?
哪个正确？
Do you know?
你知道吗？
It should be: "I've lived here for two years." Okay?
正确的应该是：“I've lived here for two years。”
Do you know why?
知道为什么吗？
Remember I said it's not only important to know that it's wrong; it's important to know why it's wrong. All right?
还记得我说过，知道某个用法是错的很重要，知道它为什么错也很重要，还记得吗？
And the reason why is because we use "for" plus the period of time; how long. Okay?
原因是，“for”后面跟时间，表示多久。
For how long?
……了多久。
For two years.
For two years就是……了两年。
And we use "since" from the point in time.
而“since”表示的是时间起点。
So, let's suppose it's 2010 now.
假设现在是2010年。
It's not, but let's suppose it was 2010 now, then we can say: "Since 2008", two years before that. Okay?
其实不是，但让我们先假设现在就是2010年，那我们就可以说：“Since 2008”，也就是以两年前为时间起点。
But "for" plus the period of time,
但“for”后面要跟一段时间，
so that's a kind of an error that, once you understand it,
所以，这就是一类错误，一旦你掌握了它，
it will be much easier to apply, and especially once you practice it.
尤其是一旦你加以练习了，用起来就会容易得多。
Next, number three - this is a mistake in verb tenses, potentially:
接下来，第三类——可能是一个动词时态的错误：
"We visited Niagara Falls yesterday" or "We have visited Niagara Falls yesterday"? Okay?
“We visited Niagara Falls yesterday”还是“We have visited Niagara Falls yesterday”？
So, here we have the simple past, here we have present perfect.
两个句子一个用了一般过去时，一个用了现在完成时。
Which is correct in this sentence, or are both correct?
两句话哪一句是正确的，还是两句都正确？
Well, it should be: "We visited Niagara falls yesterday."
答案应该是：“We visited Niagara falls yesterday。”
Why? Why can't we use the other one?
为什么？为什么不能用另一个？
Because we have the word, here: "yesterday".
因为这个词：“yesterday”。
"Yesterday" is a finished time.
“yesterday”是一个已经过去的时间点。
Once you have a finished time that's mentioned in the sentence,
一旦句子中出现了已经过去的时间点，
then we can only use the simple past or past simple; we can't use present perfect.
我们就只能用一般过去时；就不能用现在完成时。
We can use present perfect if no time is mentioned.
如果句中没有提到时间，那我们就可以用现在完成时。
If it only said: "We have visited Niagara Falls" or otherwise not. Okay?
如果只是说：“We have visited Niagara Falls”就可以，否则就不可以。
Or if you want to say: "this week".
或者，如果你想说：“这周”。
We can use it with a time that's not finished.
还没结束的时间也是可以用完成时的。
"We have visited Niagara Falls this summer", "We have visited...this week", "this month", "this year". Okay?
“We have visited Niagara Falls this summer”，“这周我们去了……”，“这个月我们去了……”，“今年……”，听懂了吗？
A time that's not finished we can mention.
可以给完成时借还未结束的时间。
All right. Next, this is a question of word order: "He arrived at 7:00 at the airport" or "He arrived at the airport at 7:00"?
好的。接下来是一个语序问题：“He arrived at 7:00 at the airport”还是“He arrived at the airport at 7:00”？
And you're saying: "It doesn't matter. I don't care."
你可能会说：“不重要，反正我不在乎。”
I know, I know.
我懂，我懂。
But in English, it does matter. Okay?
但是在英语里这点还是挺重要的。
So, is there a rule you can follow here?
有什么规律可以遵循吗？
There is.
有。
So, which one, first of all, do you think is right?
那么，你觉得哪一个是对的呢？
