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Tropical storms can be as dangerous as they are fascinating,
热带风暴既迷人又危险,
but at least they have the courtesy to show up predictably, over warm ocean waters near the equator.
但至少它们的出现是可以预测的，会出现在赤道附近温暖的海面上。
Unless it's 1996 and the storm is the one nicknamed Hurricane Huron.
除了1996年的那场被戏称为休伦湖旋风的暴风雨。
It was amazingly similar to a tropical storm, but it formed hundreds of kilometers away from the tropics. In a lake.
它和热带风暴出奇的相似，但它形成于距离热带地区数百公里外的湖上。
To make a tropical storm you need a bunch of warm, moist air.
要形成热带风暴，你需要一股温暖潮湿的空气。
In certain conditions, that air will rise and form a low-pressure zone underneath it,
在某些情况中，空气会上升，并在此之下形成一个低压区域，
and then, more air will come rushing into the gap. That air will also rise, and the process will repeat.
然后，更多空气会冲进空隙。这些空气也会上升，然后这个过程将重复。
For that column of air to really stick around, though, it needs a consistent source of warm, wet air,
然而，要让这一气柱真正停留在空气中，它需要一个持续的暖湿空气来源，
which these storms get from the oceans of the tropics.
而这些风暴中的空气来自于热带海洋。
As all that warm air rises, it cools, spreads out, and creates a spiraling cyclone of rainclouds.
当所有的暖空气上升，它冷却、扩散，并创造出一个螺旋气旋的雨云。
And as the storm builds, winds and rain intensify until you have a huge spinning cluster of thunderstorms, typically surrounding a calm, central eye.
随着风暴的形成，风和雨会加剧，直到形成一个巨大的旋转的雷暴群，通常雷暴群都是围绕着一个无风眼。
If sustained winds reach over 63 kilometers per hour, it's officially classified as a tropical storm.
如果持续风速超过63公里每小时，则被正式列为热带风暴。
And if those winds go over 119 kilometers per hour, you've got a hurricane.
如果风速超过119公里每小时，就是飓风。
Or you might call it a typhoon, or a tropical cyclone, depending on where you live.
或者可以称为台风，或者热带气旋，这取决于你住在哪里。
It's not unusual for tropical storms to move over land, but they typically weaken once they leave the warmth and moisture of the ocean.
热带风暴通常不会移动至陆地，但一旦离开了海洋的温度和湿度，它们通常会减弱。
Now and then over the past century, slowly-dying storms have traveled as far inland as the Great Lakes.
在过去的一个世纪里，逐渐消失的风暴偶尔会远至内陆的五大湖。
But what's so unusual about so-called Hurricane Huron or the "Hurroncane"
但所谓休伦湖旋风的异常之处在于
is that it formed far from the ocean and had the structure of a true tropical storm.
它在远离海洋的地方形成，具有真正的热带风暴的结构。
In mid-September 1996, a normal storm system moved over the Great Lakes.
在1996年9月中旬，一个正常的风暴系统在五大湖上空移动。
Like many systems in the northern U.S., it initially had cold air at its center.
很美国北部很多风暴系统一样，最初其中心有冷空气。
But the conditions were just right for some very strange weather.
但这些条件正好适合一些非常奇怪的天气。
As it moved across the region, the storm stalled over Lake Huron, which sits at the border of Michigan and Ontario.
当风暴穿过该地区时，它在休伦湖停留，休伦湖位于密歇根和安大略的交界处。
And since this large lake — like the oceans— is at its warmest in August and September, it began feeding the storm warm, moist air.
由于这个大湖和海洋一样，位于8月和9月最热的季节，它开始为风暴提供温暖潮湿的空气。
By September 14th, the cold center of the storm had turned warm and formed a rising air column that fueled a spiraling system of storm clouds.
到9月14日，原本寒冷的风暴中心转暖，并形成了上升的空气柱，助力螺旋状风暴云的形成。
Viewed through satellite images, it looked just like a hurricane — it even had a calm eye in the center!
从卫星图像上看，它看起来就像飓风——它的中心甚至有一个无风眼！
At its peak, this storm produced enough rain to cause flooding in some places, and sustained winds reached over 64 kilometers per hour.
在其高峰期，这场风暴产生的雨水足以在一些地方造成洪水，并且其产生的风速超过了64公里每小时。
Not only did those winds create nearly three-meter-high waves on the lake surface, they're also tropical-storm-force winds!
这些风不仅在湖面上形成了近三米高的海浪，而且还具有热带风暴的威力！
Meteorologists say this is the first time a storm like this had ever been seen over the Great Lakes,
气象学家表示，这是五大湖上首次出现这样的风暴，
and it seems to have taken a handful of unusual conditions to make it happen. Which, in some ways, is kind of reassuring.
这似乎是在一些不寻常的条件下才发生的。这在某种程度上让人能够安心。
Now, even though the storm is jokingly called Hurricane Huron, it wasn't technically a hurricane because the winds weren't fast enough.
虽然这场风暴被戏称为休伦湖旋风，但从技术上讲，它不是飓风，因为风力不够快。
And it also wasn't technically a tropical storm, since it wasn't in the tropics.
也不是热带风暴，因为它不是在热带地区。
But there doesn't seem to be a quick, easy term for it, so we'll just call it what it was: a very strange week on Lake Huron.
但似乎没有一个准确简单的属于可以描述它，所以我们就成它为：休伦湖上非常奇怪的一周。
Thanks for watching this episode of SciShow!
感谢收看本期节目！
If you want to learn more about hurricanes and other kinds of extreme weather, we can hook you up.
如果你想了解关于飓风和其他极端天气的知识，我们可以帮你。
Like, if you've ever wondered why we don't just nuke hurricanes — which people do ask from time to time —
比如，如果你想知道为什么我们不用核弹袭击飓风——人们有时会问这个问题——
you can watch our episode with the answer after this.
你可以去观看我们的节目。
