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"Do without".
“do without”（没有……也行）。
So, "do without" basically means be able to succeed or survive without something.
这个短语的基本含义是没有某个东西也能成功，也能挺过来。
So, if you can do without it, means you'll be okay if you don't have it. Okay?
如果你能do without it，那就是说即便你没有那个东西你也能好好的，明白了吗？
So: "These days, people, like young people, are learning math, and science, and art at school,
打个比方，“如今，大家，就比如年轻人，在学校学的都是数学、科学和美术这类课程，
but a lot of the bigger tech companies and a lot of the bigger international companies are warning parents and young people
但很多大型科技公司和很多大型国际公司都对家长和年轻人发出了警告，
that in the future they will not be able to do without some programming skills." Okay?
未来的孩子不掌握一定的编程技能是不行的。”
Now, you can use this at the beginning, like, you can do without something, or you can put it after the something.
我们可以把这个词组用在句首，比如you can do without something（你没有什么东西也能行），也可以把它用在句尾。
Something that you cannot do without.
说成，Something that you cannot do without（某个东西是你离不开的）。
So: "Programming skills are something that young people cannot do without if they want to get a good job in the future." Okay?
举个例子，“编程技能已经成了年轻人离不开的一项技能，如果他们想在未来找到一份好的工作的话。”懂了吧？
So, if you're talking about employment.
如果你是在讨论就业问题的话。
If you can do without it, great; if you can't do without it, make sure you get it - whatever "it" is. Okay?
如果没有那项技能你也能找到好工作，那很好，如果没有就不能找到好工作，那就去学，不管是它是什么技能，好吗？
"Follow through" has a couple of meanings.
“follow through”这个短语动词有好几个意思。
One is to complete.
一个意思是做完。
If I started a project, I will follow it through to the end.
比如If I started a project, I will follow it through to the end（如果我开始了一个项目，我就一定会把它做到最后）。
And notice I say: "Follow it through to the end" means I will continue until it's finished.
注意，我说的是“follow it through to the end”，意思就是我会一直做下去，直到做完为止。
"Follow through" can also means to, like, keep a promise.
“follow through”也可以表示信守诺言。
So, if I promised my friend that I will help him move this weekend, then I have to follow through on that promise;
比如如果我承诺朋友周末我会去帮他搬家，那我就要follow through（履行）这个承诺；
I have to go and actually help him move to his new apartment.
我就得真去帮他搬进新家。
So, keep a promise or complete a task.
两个含义，一个是信守诺言，一个是完成一项任务。
Follow through on a project, follow through on one's plans, follow through on a promise.
Follow through on一个项目，follow through on某人的计划，follow through on一个承诺。
Notice the collocations, there.
要注意这里的搭配（介词on）噢。
"Frown upon".
接下来是“Frown upon”（因为……皱眉）。
Now, first of all, what does "frown" mean?
首先，“frown”是什么意思？
So, the opposite of a smile is a frown.
smile（笑）的反义词就是frown。
So, we always say...This is a smile; this is a frown. Right?
所以，我们经常说……这是smile，这是frown，对吧？
So: Turn that frown upside down, and you get a smile.
所以，把frown倒过来就是smile。
That's just for the kids, anyway.
不过这都是说给小孩儿听的。
So, "to frown upon" means to basically not accept something or to think something is not a good thing.
所以“to frown upon”的基本含义就是不赞成某事或者觉得某事不好。
Now, generally speaking, when you frown upon something,
一般来说，当你“frown upon something”，
means that technically it's okay or it's legal, or whatever, but it's frowned upon - means people don't want you to do it.
意思就是严格来说，那么做也是没问题的，是合法的之类的，但还是被大家“frowned upon”了，意思就是大家不希望你那么做。
It's not really accepted. Okay?
就是并没有真的被大家认可，好吧？
So, let's say in politics.
我们就拿政治来说。
Realistically and legally, a politician can attack another politician, like, verbally; not physically, obviously.
从现实和法律层面来讲，一名政客是可以攻击另一名政客的，口头攻击啊；我指的显然不是身体攻击啊。
Verbally and in terms of ads or campaigns, etc.
口头上攻击，或者在广告里，在活动中攻击对方等等。
But in many countries, this is frowned upon.
但在许多国家，这种做法都是被“frowned upon”的。
If you do that, people look badly at you and it's actually going to hurt you more than help you.
如果你真的这么做了，大家就会对你产生不好的看法，这样一来，这样的攻击对你其实是弊大于利的。
You're allowed to; nobody can stop you, but it's frowned upon, so better not to do it.
你可以这么做；也不会有人出来阻止你，但还是会被“frowned upon”，所以你最好还是别那么做。
"Resort to".
接下来是“resort to”（诉诸于）。
When you resort to something, you're using this option, or this tactic, or this thing that you can do as the last option.
你“resort to”某个东西，就是你把这个选择，这个策略，或这个东西当成你万不得已才会做出的选择。
So, for example, if you want to, if you need to resort to something,
举个例子，如果你想，如果你需要resort to something，
it's usually something that you don't want to do, but you have no more options.
那它通常都是你不愿意做，却又没有其他选择因而不得不做的事。
So, people resort to legal action, or people resort to violence when they have nothing.
打个比方，大家没有退路的时候，就会诉诸法律行动，或诉诸暴力。
There's nothing else they can do. Right?
因为除此之外他们已经无能为力了，好吧？
So, for example: I live in a building and my neighbour every weekend has a party and it's really loud,
举个例子：我住的那栋楼有个邻居每个周末都搞聚会，而且很吵，
and lots of people come, come to the apartment, and it really bothers me.
很多人来，来玩儿，我就真的很烦。
So I've gone to the neighbour and I've spoken to him,
所以我就去找那个邻居谈了谈，
and I've asked him many times to please turn down the music and invite fewer people - that didn't work.
而且我也说过很多次请他把音乐声音关小点，请他别每次都邀请那么多人，但他就是不听。
I went to the landlord, I complained, I said: "This person is making too much noise."
我就去找房东吐槽，说：“这个人真的太吵了。”
Nothing changed.
结果还是老样子。
So, finally, I resorted to calling the police. I resorted to legal action.
最后我就resorted to报警，resorted to法律了。
I had no other choice.
因为我已经没有别的办法了。
I was trying to be nice, talking to my neighbour, but finally I had no choice;
我本来想和和气气的解决这个事情，跟他沟通，但我最后实在没办法了，
I resorted to calling the police to come and do something about it.
我只好resorted to打电话给警察，让他们来解决这个事情。
"Rule out".
接下来是“rule out”（排除）这个短语动词。
"To rule out" is to say: "Impossible. This is not going to happen." Okay?
“to rule out”就等于说“不可能。不会这样的。”明白了吗？
So, especially when you're talking about negotiations, for example, in business.
尤其是在讨论商业谈判的时候。
"We're going to negotiate with you, but we're not ruling out legal action."
“我们会与你们协商，但也不排除采取法律行动的可能性.”
So, again, I'm using legal action.
这里我们有用到了“legal action”（法律行动）这个词。
I'm keeping this option available.
意思就是我还是会保留这个选项。
So: "not rule out" means to leave something, an option available.
也就是说，“not rule out”的意思就是保留某个东西，保留某个选项。
"To rule out" means to make an option not available; impossible. Okay?
“to rule out”的意思就是让某个选项不再可用；让它变得不可能。明白了吗？
So, a lot of...a lot of companies rule out the op-...the opportunity to be bought out, or to pay more, or to do whatever.
比如，很多…很多公司都rule out了被买断的可能，rule out了支付更高价格的可能等等。
So, I have a company and I say: "Okay, the minimum wage is $15 per hour,
比如，我有一家公司，我说：“好的，最低工资是每小时15美元，
and I will rule out any, any opposition or anybody who wants to pay less for whatever reason." Okay?
任何，任何反对意见或任何想要降价的人，无论是出于什么原因，都会被我rule out（排除）。
So: "rule it out" - not going to happen.
所以，“rule it out”就是不可能发生的意思。
"Put off".
接下来要讲的是“put off”（推迟）。
I think many people know this one; it's a bit more common.
很多人应该都已经知道这个短语动词了吧，因为它稍微常见一些。
"To put off" basically means to postpone; to schedule for a later date.
“to put off”的基本含义就是推迟；把日程安排往后推一推。
So, we were supposed to have a meeting at the company today,
比如，我们今天本来要在公司开会的，
but the, the weather has been terrible, and many people are stuck in traffic or just can't get to the office because of the weather,
但天气一直很糟糕，很多人因为天气原因堵在了路上或者根本就没法上班了，
so we will put off the meeting until next week; we will postpone it, we will do it again next week.
所以我们就把会put off到了下周，意思就是我们把它推迟了，推迟到下周再开。
Now, very common phrasal verbs.
以上就是我们今天要讲的一些比较常见的短语动词了。
And yes, use these in your writing.
没错，大家在写作的时候能用这些短语动词就给它用上。
In your IELTS and TOEFL writing, use these for the essays; don't be afraid of them.
在写雅思作文或托福作文的时候，把它们用到你的作文里；不要害怕用它们。
There's no such thing as bad English. Right? It's all English.
都是英语，就说不上什么糟糕不糟糕，好吧。
There are informal or slang phrasal verbs - those you should avoid.
非正式英语动词，俚俗短语动词倒是有，这两种才是大家应该在作文中避免使用的。
Otherwise, if they're formal or neutral, absolutely use them; you're going to get a higher vocab score. Okay?
如果是正式的，或者既不算正式，也不算不正式的短语动词，大家尽管放心用；用了还能拿高分呢，好吧？
Now, if you have any questions about this, please ask me in the comment section at www.engvid.com.
如果大家对这节课的内容有什么疑问，可以访问www.engvid.com.到评论区问我。
There's a quiz as well, if you want to practice and make sure you understand the meanings of these.
网站上还配备了随堂小测验，如果你想练习一下，确保这节课的内容你都听懂了就赶紧去试试吧。
And don't forget to subscribe to my YouTube channel if you like the channel, and give me a like.
喜欢这个频道的话，记得订阅我的个人youtube频道，给我点个赞。
And come back next week.
那我们下周再见啦。
Oh, and don't forget: If you want more help and more ideas about writing for the IELTS or TOEFL,
对了，如果你需要更多关于雅思或托福写作的帮助和想法，
don't forget to check out my site: WriteToTop.com or "Write to Top" at YouTube, and you'll get a lot more help there as well.
别忘了去看看我的网站WriteToTop.com或我的youtube频道“Write to Top”，有更多精彩内容等着你解锁喔。
Okay. I'll see you next time for another lesson. Bye-bye.
这次真的说完了。那我们就下节课再见吧。拜拜。
