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And some researchers have found evidence to suggest that colors emerge in a language when the culture that speaks that language needs them.
一些研究人员发现的证据表明，当一种语言的文化需要颜色时，颜色就会出现在语言中。
The revisions have also gotten somewhat more on board with the idea that language can influence color perception,
修订版也更加认同语言可以影响颜色感知的观点，
at least in some situations -- in addition to our innate color perception shaping language.
至少在某些情况下是这样的——我们塑造语言的天生的颜色感知除外。
Because there is evidence that it's not just innate, and a lot of it comes from studies of the blue-green boundary.
因为有证据表明，这不仅是先天的，而且很多都来自有关蓝绿边界的研究。
One approach is to ask people to make decisions about the similarity of two colors that are in the same linguistic category,
一种方法是让人们判断属于同一语言范畴的两种颜色的相似性，
versus two other colors that were also similar, but crossed a color boundary.
而另外两种颜色也相似，但跨越了颜色边界。
In one study from 2000, researchers looked at speakers of the Berinmo language in Papua New Guinea.
在2000年的一项研究中，研究人员调查了巴布亚新几内亚说贝林莫语的人。
While English has a boundary between green and blue, Berinmo has one between wor,
英语中有绿色和蓝色的界限，
a category that includes some green, and nol, which includes a lot of blue, green, and some bluish purple.
而贝林莫语中有一个介于wor（一个包含一些绿色的类别）和nol（包括大量的蓝色、绿色和一些蓝紫色）之间的边界。
The researchers found that when asked to identify the odd man out in a set of three colors,
研究人员发现，当被要求在一组三种颜色中辨认不同时，
English speakers more consistently judged colors as different when they crossed the linguistic blue/green boundary.
说英语的人在跨越语言的蓝/绿界限时，会更一致地判断出颜色不同。
Meanwhile, Berinmo speakers were better at judgments near their linguistic boundary.
同时，说贝林莫语的人更善于在语言边界附近做出判断。
Similarly, when asked to learn to divide a set of colors into blue vs. green or wor vs. nol,
同样地，当被要求学习将一组颜色分成蓝色与绿色，或wor与nol时，
speakers were better at the task that used the color category in their own language.
说话者在使用自己语言的颜色类别时表现得更好。
This suggests that the language they used to describe where one color ends and another begins influenced what the participants saw.
这表明，他们用来描述一种颜色结束，另一种颜色开始的语言，影响了参与者看到的内容。
It's not really about which color falls in which category -- it shows that if we have some inborn sense of color, our language still shapes it.
这并不是说哪种颜色属于哪一类——它表明，如果我们具有某种天生的色彩感，我们的语言仍然会塑造它。
Literally our language changing how we see the world.
从字面上说，我们的语言改变了我们看待世界的方式。
A similar study that included Russian and Greek speakers, who have categories for light blue and dark blue,
一项类似的研究包括讲俄语和希腊语的人，他们有浅蓝和深蓝的分类。
found that their extra blue word also shaped what they saw.
这项研究发现，他们额外的蓝色单词也塑造出他们看到的东西。
For instance, they were more likely to see a light blue triangle against a dark blue background than they were to see a light green one against a dark green one.
例如，他们更可能在深蓝色背景下，看到浅蓝色三角形；而不是在深绿色背景下，看到浅绿色三角形。
Meanwhile, speakers of German, which doesn't have this blue distinction, performed the same for the blue problems and the green problems.
同时，讲德语的人，没有这种对于蓝色的区别，在蓝色和绿色问题上表现得一样。
The thing is, though, this debate is far from over.
但问题是，这场辩论远未结束。
While plenty of the critical discussion of the Berlin and Kay theory is from the early 2000s,
尽管波林和凯的理论中，大量批判性的讨论都从21世纪初开始，
that theory is still playing an influential role in the field.
但该理论仍在这个领域发挥着重要作用。
Modern studies and reviews on color categorization still often begin with a discussion of the way this conversation has gone back and forth over the years.
关于颜色分类的现代化研究和评论，通常还是从讨论这些年来这种对话的方式开始的。
And there are still lots of studies being done on it!
还有很多研究正在进行中！
The studies of the babies, the stroke patients, and the Russian, Greek, and German speakers are all from the last few years.
对婴儿、中风患者、俄语、希腊语和德语使用者的研究，都是在过去几年中进行的。
There have also been additional, more recent studies of the color vocabulary of hunter-gatherer cultures.
另外，最近还有一些关于狩猎者文化的颜色词汇的研究。
And there are more complications we haven't even touched on.
还有更复杂的一些事情，我们甚至都没提到。
Some researchers argue that language shapes color processing in just one half of the brain.
一些研究人员认为，形成颜色的语言只在大脑的一侧进行处理。
And then there are the challenges of how hue, shade, and saturation all play into what we see when we experience a particular "color."
当我们体验到一种特殊的“颜色”时，色调和饱和度影响着我们所看到的东西。
We still don't actually know the answer to this nature versus nurture question,
我们仍然不知道这个“先天与后天”问题的答案，
but…it does seem pretty apparent we have to jettison the old English-is-best biases before we're going to have any hope of figuring things out.
但是很明显，在我们有希望解决这个问题之前，必须抛弃旧有的英语是最好的语言的偏见。
After all, English isn't immune to changes.
毕竟，英语也不能不受变化的影响。
We only added orange around the Renaissance…about the same time we got oranges!
我们只在文艺复兴时期增加了橘色，差不多就是我们有橘子的同一时间！
And in the end, it probably doesn't really matter to most of us in our day to day lives
最后，在我们日常生活中，颜色类别究竟是真实存在的东西，
whether color categories are an actual thing or a thing brought about by how our language shapes our perception.
还是由我们的语言形成的感知所产生的东西，对我们大多数人来说，这可能并不重要。
It's not going to change what you see tomorrow when you grab an apple for lunch or go outside and look up at the sky.
这不会改变你明天午餐吃苹果，或者出去仰望天空。
After all, we all know the sky is grue, right?
毕竟，我们都知道天空是阴沉的，对吧？
Thanks for watching this episode of SciShow Psych, and a huge thanks to our President of Space Matthew Brant for helping to bring it to all of you!
感谢您收看本期《心理科学秀》节目，同时也非常感谢我们的太空总裁马修·布兰特，感谢他帮助我们为大家制作这期节目！
If you want to help make SciShow happen and join a community of awesome humans in the process, check out patreon.com/scishow.
如果你想帮助我们制作《科学秀》节目，并在这个过程中加入由优秀者组成的社区，就登陆patreon.com/scishow网站看看吧。
