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When you boil water what you are doing is making sure that the temperature of your water is so hot
烧开水的时候 就是指你把水的温度烧的非常高
basically as hot as it possibly can be before all the hydrogen bonds break and the water itself goes from the liquid state to the gassy.
高到所有的氢键都散开来 水也从液体状态变成气体状态
And so when we're looking at water, that happens at a hundred degrees Celsius which is around 212 degrees Fahrenheit.
对水而言 在达到100摄氏度或212华氏度的时候会出现这种情况
When we do that we bring the thermal energy of the water up to a high temperature
在这种情况下 我们会让水的热能达到很高的温度
that any viruses or bacteria that are inside that water actually are killed if and only if you boil that water for at least five minutes.
杀死水里的任何病毒和细菌 前提是至少得把水煮沸5分钟
So the recommendation is five minutes.
所以我们建议要煮5分钟
When I am boiling my water because we had an issue here in Austin about a year ago where we had to make sure we had very safe water we have to protect it.
我烧水的时候 大约一年前 奥斯汀这边出了问题 我们必须得确保水的安全 我们得保护水资源
When I boil my water for that, I boiled it for 10 minutes just because I'm a little bit of a freak or look it over I like to overkill things.
当时我烧水的时候 至少烧了10分钟 因为我有点抓狂 宁愿过头也要确保安全
But what you want to do is you're basically making sure that there's enough thermal energy inside that water that it makes sure that the viruses and the bacteria that are currently in there can no longer survive.
但你需要确保的是 水里有足够的热能 让里面的任何病毒和细菌都无法存活
And so it's about getting the temperature hot enough and keeping it there for a long enough period of time to make sure all those viruses are actually killed.
所以要让温度升到很高 并且保持足够长的时间 确保所有病毒都被杀死
Water is a freak and so it is one of my favorite molecules ever because it has these unique properties and we are surrounded by it constantly.
水是个怪胎 它是我最喜欢的分子之一 因为它有一些很独特的特性 而且我们时刻都被水环绕着
We also are made of water. We have to drink water to survive.
人类也是由水构成的 我们要喝水才能生存
Some of us like to swim so we're always inside of water.
有些人喜欢游泳 就是可以一直待在水里
So it's a really really fun molecule to investigate.
所以这种分子真的非常非常有趣
What's cool about water is it has these things called hydrogen bonds.
水很酷的一点是 它有叫做氢键的东西
And so what that means is it forms an intermolecular force between one water molecule and another water molecule.
这意味着一个水分子和另一个水分子之间会形成分子间的作用力
So the oxygen on one water molecule is partially negatively charged.
一个水分子上的氧带有部分负电荷
And so that oxygen is somewhat attracted to the partially positively charged hydrogen's on another water molecule.
它会受到另一个水分子上带有部分正电荷的氢的吸引
So oxygen from this one, hydrogen from this one are attracted to each other.
所以一个水分子上的氧会和另一个水分子上的氢相互吸引
And so that certain thing is called a hydrogen bond.
这种东西就叫做氢键
And the distance or the length of the hydrogen bond or the distance between the molecules is what sets how how much space those water molecules together occupy.
氢键的距离或者长度 或者分子之间的距离决定了这些水分子的总体积
So a glass of water contains a ton of different water molecules and they all have different hydrogen bonds between them.
所以一杯水里有无数个不同的水分子 它们之间都有不同的氢键连接
So when you take a chunk of water like and put it in an ice cube tray and then you put it into your freezer, we're going to see that the water actually expands.
如果你把水装进制冰格里 然后把它放进冰箱 我们会看到水的体积有所膨胀
So water is super weird. This is not a normal thing.
水真的很奇怪 这种现象并不常见
But when it goes from the liquid state to the solid state, the distance and the length of those hydrogen bonds actually increases.
当它从液态变成固态的时候 那些氢键之间的距离会变大
So water is actually more stable in the liquid state which is super rare.
所以液态水其实更稳定 这非常罕见
That's just uncommon but it is.
这种情况很稀有 但它就是这样
It is what it is, like that's what water does and we are around it all the time. So there's your answer.
水就是这样 我们无时无刻不被它包围着 就是这样
