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Hi. Welcome to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam.
大家好，欢迎访问www.engvid.com。我是Adam。
In today's video I'm going to talk about IELTS speaking.
今天的视频，我想跟大家讲的是雅思口语。
So, as normal, I'll speak a little bit faster.
还是老样子，我会把语速放快一点。
For those of you taking the test, you get a little bit of listening practice as well.
好让即将参加考试的同学借此机会练习一下听力。
Even if you're not taking the test, this is also very useful for you if you want to practice your speaking skills in English. Okay?
即便不参加考试，如果你想练习你的英语口语能力的话，这节课也是非常有用的，好吗？
So, we're going to talk about IELTS speaking generally. Okay?
言归正传，今天这节课的讨论对象是雅思口语考试。
I'm not going to talk about any of the three parts in specific.
我没有打算具体谈口语部分三个小节中的任何一个小节。
I want to talk about fluency in specific.
我们要着重讲的是雅思口语的流利程度。
Fluency is one of the categories that you will be graded on.
流利程度是考官的评分标准之一。
The interviewer is listening for your fluency skills when deciding to give you the band out of nine. Okay?
雅思听力满分九分，考官在给你打分的时候就会注意听你的回答是否流利。
Now, first of all, what does it mean? What does "fluency" mean? Okay?
首先，这个词的含义。“流利”是什么意思？
Fluency has a few things to consider within it.
口语的流利程度涉及到几个需要考虑的因素。
First, how quick you respond; a fast response.
首先，你的反应有多快；也即你（是否具有）快速反应能力。
So when the question is asked to you, when the interviewer asks you a question in part one or part three,
当你被问到一个问题，当考官在第一小节或第三小节问你问题的时候，
they're looking to find out...they're paying attention to how quickly you answer back.
他们就会留意这个点，他们会留意你多久能做出回答。
If you receive the question and you need to think about the question, try to translate the question in your mind,
如果你听到问题之后需要思考一下怎么回答这个问题，那建议你在脑海中把问题翻译一下，
then you need to try to build up an answer before you start speaking -
接下来，在你开始说话之前，你需要试着组织一个答案——
the more time you take to do this, the less fluent you are in English. Okay?
这个过程你需要的时间越长，就说明你的英语越不流利。
The graders want to make sure you understood the question quickly,
考官想确认你是否能快速理解问题，
you're ready to start speaking quickly; that's part of fluency.
是否很快就能开始回答，这都是流利程度考察的点。
Another thing: Connected sentences.
第二点：句子之间要连贯。
They want to make sure that your sentences flow from one to the next; you're not just throwing out ideas.
他们想要确认你的句子之间是流畅地过渡的；而不是想到什么说什么。
"I like it. It's good. I did it five times."
“我喜欢。很好。我已经做了五次了。”
Like, all of these sentences individually are not part of fluency.
这样的回答就跟流利沾不上边了。
That means you're just throwing out ideas, but fluency is also how.
意思就是你只是想到了什么就说什么，但流利还包括……
The flow. The flow of your speech.
流畅，你的语言是否流畅。
And, again, especially in parts one and three when they're asking a question,
重申一遍，特别是第一小节和第三小节考官会问你问题的时候，
but also in parts two where you need to construct the answer completely.
但第二小节你需要提前组织好整个答案的时候也会有这个问题。
They're listening for your thinking sounds,
他们会注意听你是否存在卡壳的问题，
so: "Um...Well, uh...Um...If I...Um...Mm..."
就是“呃……这个嘛……啊……嗯……如果我……呃……呃”这种
All of these thinking sounds means you're having trouble with the language,
所有这些思考痕迹都意味着你说这门语言有困难，
means your fluency is not very high, your score is going down. Okay?
意味着你的流利程度不是很高，你的分数要下降了。
Try to minimize or even completely eliminate thinking sounds from your speech; they don't help you.
所以，大家在说话的时候要尽量减少，甚至是完全克服这些思考痕迹：它们对你是没好处的。
Now, if you need some time to think about what to say, you could say:
那如果你真的需要时间思考怎么回答怎么办呢？你可以说：
"Well, when I think about this situation, what I usually think about is..."
“嗯，当我想到这种情况时，我通常会想到……”
and then get into your answer.
这个时候再引入你的答案。
You say: "Well, um...Well, usually it's like this..."
如果你说：“嗯，嗯……嗯，通常是这样的……”
Well, that doesn't work.
这样是不行的。
That's not fluency.
这不是流利。
That means you're having problems with the language. Okay?
还是会暴露你讲这门语言有困难，好吗？
So cut out the thinking sounds: "Ah, erm, er", etc.
总而言之，要去掉“啊，呃，嗯”这样的思考痕迹。
Now, extend - this is probably the most important part of fluency.
第三点，延伸——这点可以说是流利最重要的因素。
Do not give one-word answers to any question.
不要用单个的词回答任何问题。
"Do you like swimming?" "Yes."
“你喜欢游泳吗？”“喜欢。”
"Okay. Why do you like swimming?"
“好吧，那你为什么喜欢游泳呢？”
"It's wet."
“因为有水。”
That doesn't work.
这是不行的。
That's not an answer, even, right?
这样的答案甚至都算不上答案好吗？
They want full sentences, they want a few sentences,
考官想听到的是完整的句子，他们想听的是好几个句子，
and they want to have a few ideas all strung together coherently and with nice flow.
是被连贯、流畅地串连到一起的几个句子。
Now, with all these things in mind, what do most students have the most problems with
现在，面对真正的雅思口语考试，所有这些因素都考虑到了之后，
when it comes to the actual speaking test of the IELTS?
大多数同学最多的问题又出在哪里了呢？
The most common problem is what to talk about; they just don't have ideas. Right?
最常见的问题是说什么？他们根本就不知道说什么，对吧？
So here is my major tip, my major piece of advice to you
下面是我给大家的建议，也是针对如何准备雅思考试口语部分，
when it comes to preparing for the speaking section of the IELTS test: Create an idea bank. Okay?
我要给大家的一个非常重要的建议：积累一个素材库。
This is what I call this exercise.
这是我给这种练习方法起的名字。
In...Essentially, what this means is: Do your thinking before the test.
说白了就是：在考试前完成思考过程。
Don't be in the test room, don't be sitting in front of the interviewer
不要等上了考场，坐在了考官面前
and trying to think about all these ideas that they're asking you about,
才开始想怎么回答他们问出的问题，
because sometimes they're going to ask you about things that you have...
因为有的时候他们会问你一些，
You just don't think about; you don't really care about.
你根本没想过，或者你根本不在意的问题。
If they ask you about music and you're just not a music fan,
比如，假如考官问你的是有关音乐的问题，而你恰好不是一个音乐迷，
You don't, you don't listen to music, you don't have an iPod;
你根本就，就不怎么听音乐，也没有iPod；
you listen to the music when you're with your friends, but generally you don't really know much,
你只是在跟朋友一起的时候听听，但总体而言你对音乐并没有太多的了解，
you don't know who the famous bands are, who the famous singers are - you don't care about music.
不知道谁著名的乐队是谁，著名的歌手有哪些，你根本就不关心音乐。
How are you going to answer questions about music?
这个时候，你要怎么回答跟音乐有关的问题呢？
Now, keep in mind: You don't really have a choice in terms of what they're going to ask you about.
请记住：考官会问你什么问题你是没有太多的选择余地的。
If they ask you about music, you have to speak about music. Okay?
如果他们问你有关音乐的问题，你就得给出有关音乐的回答，明白吗？
So, make sure that you have some ideas about music before test day.
所以，请确保你在考试之前就对音乐有一定的了解。
Here's what you can do.
至于怎么才能做到这一点，大家可以这么做。
I want you to make a list.
我希望你们能列一个清单。
Grab a note...
拿张纸出来，
Take a notebook and make a...
或者拿一本笔记本出来，做一个……
Start making a list.
开始列一个清单。
I want you to write favourites.
我希望大家能写下你所有的喜好。
Favourite anything.
方方面面的喜好。
Favourite food, favourite restaurant, favourite book, movie, band, music. Okay?
最喜欢的食物，最喜欢的餐厅，最喜欢的书，最喜欢的电影、乐队，音乐等等。
Make a whole bunch of these lists.
列一大堆这样的东西。
And then make another list.
然后再列一张单子。
Talk. Think about people; friend, relative, famous person. Okay?
想想人；朋友、亲戚、名人。
Or a hero, or somebody.
也可以是英雄之类的。
A bad person.
甚至是一个坏人。
Make a list of people.
列一份这样的人员名单。
And then think: Hobby, activity, game, sport.
然后想：爱好、活动、游戏、运动。
I can make a whole huge list here; I'm not going to do that now.
能列举的还有很多，但我并不打算这么一直说下去。
You can use your imagination.
你可以自己发挥想象。
Think of all the different topics they can ask you about.
想想他们可能问你的所有话题。
Then once you find out.
一旦你把这些话题都捋出来了，
Once you have your list, start thinking about ideas.
有了话题清单，就可以开始想素材了。
Food: What's your favourite food?
食物：你最喜欢的食物是什么？
Now, you have to think about favourite food to eat;
现在，你要想想你最喜欢吃的食物是什么；
favourite food to prepare; and then favourite food in terms of, like, ethnicity.
最喜欢做的食物是什么；然后是就民族而言，你最喜欢的食物又是哪个民族的食物？
Whoops. Ethnicity.
啊哦，民族。
Like, do you like Chinese food?
比如，你喜欢中国菜吗？
Do you like Italian food?
喜欢意大利菜吗？
Do you like Greek food? Etc.
喜欢希腊菜吗？诸如此类的。
Think about all the different types of food.
想想所有不同类型的食物。
Now, when you think about food.
这时，当你准备到了食物这个话题，
When you come to the test and they ask you any question about food,
走到考场上发现考官问你的刚好就是有关食物的问题的时候，
you're going to think and you're going to talk about this particular dish that you've already thought about at home.
那你就可以根据你在家准备好的那道菜去发挥，去回答啦。
So, let's take a lasagna.
我们就拿千层面来举例子。
Your favourite food to eat is lasagna.
你最喜欢吃的食物是千层面。
Great. Guess what?
太棒了。你猜怎么着？
Your favourite food to prepare: Also lasagna.
你最喜欢做的食物：也是千层面。
Your favourite ethnicity of food: Italian. Lasagna.
你最喜欢的菜系：意大利菜。千层面。
Don't think about all kinds of different foods.
不要准备不同种类的食物做你的答案。
One food.
一种食物就够。
Any question that comes up about food, you're going to talk about lasagna. Okay?
任何关于食物的问题，你都聊千层面。明白了吗？
Because why start confusing yourself by thinking about different types of food?
何必费那劲一开始就用各种不同的食物来自己把自己搞晕呢对吧？
Have one ready to go for any question about food.
准备一个任何问题都能用得上的食物做你的答案素材。
Now, if the question is about restaurant: "What is your favourite restaurant?"
现在，如果问题是关于餐厅的：“你最喜欢的餐厅是什么？”
"Oh, my favourite restaurant is Italian.
“啊，我最喜欢的餐厅是意大利餐厅。
They make a...I love the one near my house; makes the best lasagna.
他们有……我喜欢我家附近的那家意大利餐厅；他们家的千层面最好吃。
The reason I like lasagna is."
我喜欢千层面是因为……。”
Again, food, restaurant: Lasagna.
还是那句话，无论是谈论食物还是谈论餐厅：都谈千层面。
It doesn't matter what the question is up,
问题是什么不重要，
bring it back to lasagna because you already thought about the ideas.
重要的是你要把话题转到千层面上，因为它是你已经想好了的素材。
