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The play is based on an actual forty-day strike among New York cab drivers in 1934. They were hoping for fairer contracts.
该剧是根据1934年纽约出租车司机长达40天的罢工事件改编的 他们希望签署更公平的劳动合同
As it begins, a corrupt union boss is trying to convince the drivers not to strike.
戏剧开头 一个腐败的工会老板试图说服司机们不要罢工
The drivers are waiting for their chairman, Lefty.
司机们在等他们的董事长 老左
This was before "Godot," when you could still wait for stuff and not have it seem derivative.
这部剧出现在《戈多》之前 当你可以继续等而不让它看起来像衍生品的时候
The audience is positioned as other drivers at the meeting, and often they're addressed directly.
观众被定位为会议的其他驱动者 通常可以直接对话
Joe, one of the drivers, gets up to speak, and the scene shifts to Joe's apartment, the week before.
其中一名司机乔起身发言 镜头转到乔一周前的公寓
His furniture is being repossessed, and his family doesn't have enough money for groceries.
他的家具因未能如期付款而被收回 他的家人没有足够的钱买杂货
But even though they're struggling, his wife tells him to stand up and strike.
他的妻子让他起来罢工 即使他们还在挣扎
In other vignettes, other characters resist oppression.
在其他片段中 各界人物开始反抗压迫
A lab assistant refuses to spy on his boss and punches out the company's owner.
一名实验室助理拒绝监视他的上司并把公司老板暴打一顿
A young driver tries to hold on to his girlfriend, though her family disapproves.
一个年轻的司机试图挽留他的女朋友 尽管她的家人不同意
A Jewish doctor is discriminated against and then radicalized.
一名犹太医生受到歧视 然后被激化
Back at the meeting, one man, a veteran of another strike, tries to discourage the workers, but he's outed as a company spy.
画面回到会议上 一个经历过一次罢工的老手试图阻止工人们罢工 但他后来被发现是公司派来的间谍
Then, another man runs in and tells everyone that Lefty has been shot dead, presumably by the taxi bigwigs.
之后 另一个男人跑进来告诉大家老左已经被枪杀了 很可能是被出租车巨头们枪杀的
An organizer turns to the audience and asks, "Well, what's the answer?"
一个组织者转向观众问道：那么 答案是什么？
On opening night, a few of the stagehands shouted, "Strike!" The audience started shouting it, too!
在开幕当晚 一些舞台工作人员大喊：“罢工!” 观众也跟着喊起来
When the play finished, they were so moved that they stood up and clapped and stamped for forty five minutes,
演出结束后观众深受感动 他们站起来鼓掌、跺脚持续了45分钟
through twenty six curtain calls, until they were removed from the theater.
谢幕26次 直到被强硬带出剧院
And then they kept it up on the street outside. —Strike! Strike! Thanks, ThoughtBubble.
之后他们一直待在外面的大街上喊：罢工！罢工！罢工！谢谢思想泡泡
That was inspiring. Eventually, Odets left New York, lured to Hollywood, where he wrote a bunch of excellent screenplays.
很鼓舞人心 奥德茨最后离开了纽约被吸引到好莱坞 他在那里创作了很多优秀的戏剧作品
But he eventually returned with plays that took a dark view of corrupting Hollywood power structures, and his new Broadway works said so.
不过最后他又回来了 带着用黑暗的视角看待腐败的好莱坞权力结构的戏剧 他的新百老汇作品也证明了这一点
So, bite that hand, Cliff!
咬他 小克！
If the Group Theater was a small, fervent, wildly influential response to the Great Depression,
如果说“团体剧场”是对大萧条的一种小规模的、热情的、具有广泛影响力的回应
there was an even bigger one in the works—the Federal Theater Project.
那么还有一个更大的项目正在筹划当中——“联邦剧场计划”
The FTP, which kicked off in 1935, was a New Deal initiative meant to keep theater professionals working until the economy improved.
“联邦剧场计划”是1935年启动的一项新政倡议 旨在让专业戏剧人员继续工作直到经济好转
Eventually, it employed more than fifteen thousand people across forty states.
最后该计划雇佣了遍布40个州的15000多名员工
To head the FTP, the politicians didn't look to famous Broadway directors and producers.
政客们并没有指望让著名的百老汇导演和制片人来领导FTP
Instead they chose Hallie Flanagan, a Vassar professor.
相反 他们选择了瓦萨学院的哈莉·弗拉纳根教授
And this was a baller move—because like a lot of academics—Flanagan liked plays that fell solidly in the weird and awesome range.
其实就是传球 因为像许多学者一样 弗拉纳根喜欢怪异和令人敬畏的戏剧
Instead of programming feel-good comedies or Shakespeare, followed by Shakespeare, with a dollop of Shakespeare,
她没有编排让人感觉良好的喜剧或者莎士比亚的戏剧 也没有编排紧随其后的莎士比亚作品
she created a network of regional theaters and encouraged them to make weird, awesome work.
而是建立了一个地区剧院网络 鼓励他们制作怪异而精彩的作品
BUT ok there were some classic plays, too.
不过也有一些经典戏剧
In its four years, the FTP-sponsored hundreds of distinct productions, most of them open to the public with free admission.
在四年的时间里 FTP赞助了数百个不同的戏剧演出 其中大多向公众免费开放
The FTP was not expected or required to turn a profit… and no one had any money anway!
没有人希望或要求FTP盈利 毕竟大家都没钱
Susan Glaspell, whom you'll maybe remember from our episode on American moderns, headed the Midwest bureau. Not a trifle!
苏珊·格拉斯贝尔 你可能还记得她 她在我们“美国现代戏剧”那一集里出现过 她是中西部局的负责人 不好惹！
The expressionist playwright Elmer Rice headed up the New York office.
表现主义剧作家埃尔默·赖斯是纽约办事处的负责人
The FTP also created units of the Negro Theater Project in 23 cities.
FTP还在23个城市创建了黑人剧院项目
The New York Unit was originally headed by two white directors, John Houseman and Orson Welles,
纽约分部最初由两位白人导演约翰·豪斯曼和奥森·威尔斯领导
though they were replaced a year later by three black directors: Edward Perry, Carlton Moss, and H. F. V. Edward.
不过一年后他们被三位黑人导演取代：爱德华·佩里、卡尔顿·莫斯和H. F. V.爱德华
The most famous project was probably the twenty-year-old Welles's wildly popular "voodoo" "Macbeth,"
最著名的项目可能是20岁的威尔斯非常受欢迎的“巫术”、《麦克白》
which cast entirely black actors and reset the tragedy in the Caribbean.
这使得黑人演员完全被抛弃 并重设了加勒比海的悲剧
The FTP is probably best remembered for creating the Living Newspapers:
FTP最让人难忘的大概是它创造了“活报纸”：
plays by journalists and theater makers that were drawn from the news of the day;
即从当天的新闻中选出的记者和戏剧制作人的剧本
current events presented in a form inspired by vaudeville, pageant, and newer, more experimental forms.
以受歌舞杂耍、露天表演和新的、更具实验性的形式启发的形式来展现当前的事件
As Flanagan wrote, they were designed to "dramatize a new struggle—the search of the average American today for knowledge about his country and his world;
正如弗拉纳根所写 他们的目的是“将一场新的斗争戏剧化——现代的普通美国人对他们的国家和世界的知识的探索；
to dramatize his struggle to turn the great natural and economic forces of our time toward a better life for more people."
将他为把这个时代伟大的自然和经济力量转化为让更多人过上更好的生活的努力戏剧化
The first play, "Ethiopia," wasn't allowed to open.
第一部戏剧是《埃塞俄比亚》 不过不被允许演出
The government issued a censorship order saying current heads of state couldn't be imitated onstage.
政府发布了一项审查命令 称不能在舞台上模仿现任国家元首
Man, good thing we got over that anxiety, huh?!
天！幸亏没有发生在我们这个时代 哈?!
"Triple A Plowed Under" explored the rights of farmers.
《Triple A Plowed Under》探索了农民的权利
"One-Third of a Nation" was about a housing crisis.
《国家三分之一》是关于住房危机的
"Spirochete" was a fun play starring syphilis.
《螺旋菌》是一部由“梅毒”主演的有趣的戏剧
Often these plays were narrated by a "little man." Bigger. With a body.
通常这些戏剧都是由一个“小个子男人”来叙述 再大一些 而且人家有身体
The little man was a Average Joe , here to learn about power, poverty, or VD.
这个小个子男人是一个普通人 来这里学习权力、贫穷、或者……VD(性病)
The FTP ran until 1939, when it was canceled because it had run through all the money it had been allotted,
FTP一直运转至1939年 后来被取消了 因为它把钱花光了
and because some politicians weren't too crazy about the Living Newspapers and the leftist content they provided. Strike! Strike! Strike!
同时也因为一些政客不太喜欢“活报纸”及它提供的左翼内容 罢工！罢工！罢工！
By 1940, the Group and the FTP had dissolved, but they'd left a lasting impression, both on the style of American writing and acting,
到了1940年 “团体剧场”和FTP都解散了 但是它们给美国的写作和表演
and the network of regional theaters in which these American plays could now be performed.
以及可以演出这些美国戏剧的地区戏剧网留下了持久的印象
Next time, we're heading back to Europe for some not-so-political theater created by the actor,
下集 我们将回到欧洲 看看由演员、
essayist, playwright, genius, and occasional madman Antonin Artaud.
散文家、剧作家、天才、偶尔也有疯子安东尼·阿图德创作的不那么政治化的戏剧
It's the Theater of Cruelty. Until then… curtain, with compassion.
即“残酷剧” 下集见 激情闭幕！
