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Hi. Nice to see you again. Adam from engvid.com
很高兴再见到大家。我是英格威英语学习网的亚当。
and today I want to talk to you about something that's very confusing for most students.
今天，我给大家讲些让多数学生感到困惑的内容。
It's when you take phrasal verbs, for example, "make up" and you squeeze them together to make nouns or adjectives.
就是将动词短语放到一块，作为名词或形容词使用。
This is very confusing because sometimes the sound changes the meaning changes.
这非常令人困惑，因为有时读音变化后，意思也会变化。
So we're going to look at this today. Now, before I start I want to tell you something.
今天我们就来学习这个内容。在开始之前，我想告诉大家一件事。
Those of you, who are going to take the IELTS test, pay very close attention.
将要参加雅思考试的同学们，请仔细听讲。
This is very important for you, lots of points to be lost or gained here.
这对你来说很重要，在这点上你可能会丢很多分，也可能会得很多分。
So let's start. We all know the word "Makeup".
那我们开始吧。我们都知道“makeup”这个单词。
What does the makeup mean? Notice, I say it quickly together.
它是什么意思是呢？注意，我读的很快。
Makeup as a noun has a few meanings. One is the stuff you put on your face.
“makeup”作为名词有几个意思。一个就是你在脸上涂的东西。
You put a lipstick; you put eyeshadow other stuff. I don't know I don't put on makeup.
你涂点口红；画个眼影，等等。我不知道，我不化妆。
Makeup can also be used to talk about something that you redo, for example:
“makeup”也可以用来谈论你要重做的事情，例如：
a makeup exam okay? In this case I'm using it as a noun with another noun.
补考，可以吗？在这个例子中，我把它作为一个名词，和另一个名词一起使用。
So the first one is really used like an adjective: a makeup exam.
所以第一个被用作形容词：补考。
What does that mean? If you missed your test or your exam,
这是什么意思？如果你错过了考试，
your teacher will give you an opportunity to do it again: a makeup exam.
你的老师会再给你一次机会：补考。
What does elle, what else does makeup mean? Again as an adjective okay,
艾莉，“makeup”还有什么意思？作为形容词，
you know what, before we do the adjective, let's go to the verb, how about that?
在讲形容词之前，我们先说动词吧，怎么样？
Make up. What does make up mean? First notice the different stress.
“make up”是什么意思呢？首先注意不同的重音。
Make up - the stress is on the make. Make up - the stress is on the up.
这个重音在“make”上。这个重音在“up”上。
This is the phrasal verb, meaning, a verb and a preposition together with slightly different meaning, okay.
这个是动词短语，它由动词和介词组合而成，意思稍有不同。
To make up. What are some meanings? What can you think of?
有什么意思呢？你能想到吗？
One is to do again okay? To make up an assignment, to make up a test, to make up for lost time.
一个意思是再做一次。补一份作业，补一场考试，弥补失去的时间。
okay? What's another meaning for make up? Well, you can put on your makeup, you make up your face.
另一个意思是什么？你可以化妆，你可以化妆。
okay, great. What else can make up mean? Make up can mean create. You can make up a story.
很好。还有什么意思呢？它还有创造的意思。你可以编一个故事。
You create something from nothing. okay? So now we have the verb make up.
从无到有编一个故事。现在我们说了动词短语形式。
When we put it together, we have makeup. You can do the makeup exam, means, you do it again.
把它们放到一块时，我们就有了“makeup”。你可以补考，意思是再考一次。
You can put on makeup, because medics, lipstick and all that stuff or you can okay, we'll leave that for now. Made up.
你可以化妆，涂口红，用各种化妆品。就先讲到这里。“made up”。
Here, we have an adjective and notice, it's not make up.
这是一个形容词，注意它不是“make up”。
It's made up, okay? When I use it as an adjective, it's always going to be about the past tense.
是“made up”。把它当做形容词使用时，它总是关于过去时。
for example: a made up story okay? You told somebody a story. Why didn't you come to my party?
比如：一个编造的故事。你跟人讲了一个故事。为什么你没来参加我的派对？
Oh, I had to go somewhere and do something. So, it's a made up story.
我得去一个地方办件事。这是一个编造的故事。
When we use it like this, I put in The hyphen (-), okay? Now, again, for the IELTS students out there.
当我们这样使用时，中间放一个连字符。考雅思的同学们，
Very important, on the test they're going to in the listening section.
这很重要，他们会在考试中的听力部分考这一点。
For example, they want know, if you can hear the difference in the stress between these two
比如，他们想知道，你能否听出两者的重音区别，
and also when you're filling in answers, spelling counts, spelling is important.
还有在你填答案时，拼写是很重要的。
This no space or space can cost you points, very important to understand, where do you find out?
有没有空格会让你丢分。知道这一点很重要，怎么才能知道呢？
Which word is being used or the different meanings of all these words.
要使用哪个词，或者这些词的不同意思。
In the dictionary of course, use your dictionary, use it a lot. So here we have some things.
当然是在字典中，使用你的字典，经常使用它。这里有些东西要讲。
Now, what else can make up mean? And I just thought of another one, maybe you did too.
“make up”还有什么意思？我刚想起了另外一个意思，或许你也想起来了。
If you have a fight, you and someone fight. You argue, not fisticuffs, but argue.
如果你们争吵了，你和某人吵架了。你们争吵，不是拳脚相加，争吵。
After you decide to be nice to each other again - you make up means, end the fight.
你们决定恢复友好相处，“make up”意思就是结束争论。
And And for the couples out there, the boys and girls who have boyfriends girlfriends, you can have makeup sex.
对于情侣来说，有对象的男孩女孩们，你们可以来一次和好性爱。
Very good stuff. Preferably don't fight, but if you fight at least you know there's a good side to it coming after.
很棒的事情。最好不要吵架，但如果你吵架，至少你知道它有好的一面。
okay. Lots of these words in English that becomes very confusing.
英语中有很多这样的词让人很困惑。
Let's look at a couple more examples. okay, so let's look at some more examples.
让我们再看几个例子。好的，让我们看更多的例子。
pop, I put in a cup of surprise ones just to show you how crazy English is.
我放了一杯惊喜来告诉你英语有多疯狂。
First of all I have back up and backup. verb - noun.
首先，我有“back up”和“backup”。动词，名词。
Do you hear the difference? stress, stress Very important.
你听出区别了吗？重音，非常重要。
get up - getup. What's the difference? Again, verb - noun.
“get up”，“getup”。区别是什么？一个是动词，一个是名词。
I think everybody knows this one: check in and check-in. Now, here you have to be careful.
我想大家都知道这个：“check in”，“check-in”。大家得仔细。
Here you notice that getup and backup are one word. Here check-in this is two words, but it's still a noun.
大家注意到了，“getup”和“backup”由一个单词组成。“check-in”由两个词组成，但是它仍是一个名词。
verb and a noun, still. Hang up. I think everybody knows this phrasal verb.
动词和名词。“Hang up”，我想大家都知道这个动词短语。
Hang up and hang-up. Again verb and noun. Let's look at some of these meanings.
“Hang up”和“hang-up”。一个动词，一个名词。我们来看下它们的意思。
What does that mean to back up? One meaning is to support. You back someone up when they go for a fight.
“back up”是什么意思？其中一个意思是支持。当他们打架时，你支持某个人。
Your friend is going to have a fight; you back him up just in case or on your computer.
你朋友要打架。以防万一，你要援助他。或者在电脑上，
Most of you are using a computer, Obviously. You want to back up your files.
大多数人都使用电脑，很明显。你想备份你的文件。
You want to have a copy. Back up also means go in reverse.
你想有一份拷贝。“back up”也有倒退的意思。
You back up your car ok. Lots of different meanings. Backup. What is a backup? One, it is a copy.
你可以倒车。有很多不同的意思。备份。什么是备份？就是一个拷贝。
For example, you have a backup of all your files on your hard disk. Backup can also mean reinforcements.
比如，你的硬盘上有你所有文件的备份。“Backup”也有增援的意思。
I'll write this word for you. Reinforcement.
我把这个词写下来。增援。
This is usually the people or sometimes the things that do the support.
这通常是由人或事物来提供支持。
For example, if you saw the movie. The Matrix.
比如，你看过《黑客帝国》这部电影吗，
When Neo and Trinity go into the building to save Morpheus and they shoot the cop.
当尼奥和崔尼蒂进入大楼去救莫菲斯时，他们开枪打死了警察。
The other cops are... their walkie-talkies was: backup, send backup.
其他的警察拿着对讲机说：支援，派支援。
That's what he's talking about, he wants more soldiers to come and fight, ok.
这就是他谈论的事情，他想要更多士兵前来战斗。
So that's backup. Let's go to another one - get up. Do you know this word?
这就是“back up”。让我们看另外一个，“get up”。你认识这个词吗？
I think you do this every day, actually every morning you get up, means, you wake up.
你每天都会做这件事，每天早上你都会起床，意思是，醒来后，
You get out of bed or you get up, means stand.
起床，站起来。
But, who knows what getup means? Very strange word, you've probably not heard it often before.
谁知道“getup”是什么意思呢？非常奇怪的单词，你可能之前没怎么听说过它。
Getup means clothes. What you're wearing.
它的意思是衣服。你穿的衣服。
So, my getup is very casual today, just wearing a shirt, jeans, and shoes, no problem. Getup, interesting word.
我今天穿的衣服非常随意，只穿了一件衬衫，牛仔裤和鞋。一个有趣的单词。
Check in. What is check in mean? Check in means, for example, at a hotel,
“Check in”。它是什么意思？意思是，比如，在一家酒店，
you go to the front desk, give your name, and give you a credit card.
你走到前台，说出你的名字，拿出你的卡，
Get your room and you check in. Check in also means, call in to say where you are, what you're doing, etc.
开好房间，你就完成了登记入住。它还有意思是，打电话告诉对方你在哪里，正在做什么事情，等等。
So, for example, a security guard is walking around the building. There's other security guards.
例如，一个保安正在大楼周围走动。那里还有其他保安。
Every once in a while they will call: yea, this is security guard number two.
每隔一段时间，他们就会打电话说：是的，我是二号保安。
Everything is clear on the southwest corner, so he's checking in. Check-in is the process of checking in at the hotel.
在西南角，一切都很清楚，所以他在报告。“check—in”是在旅馆登记入住的过程。
You can also use it as an adjective, the check-in desk.
你也可以把它用作形容词，登记柜台。
This is where you go in the hotel to check in.
这是你在酒店办理入住手续的地方。
It could also be the medical office, like a doctor's office.
它也可以是医务室，比如医生的办公室。
You go to check-in, you check in at the reception, etc.
你去登记入住，在接待处登记，等等。
Hang up. I think all of you know what hang up means. When you hang up, you close the phone,
“Hang up”。我想大家都知道它的意思。当你挂断电话时，你就挂了电话。
you hang up the phone or turn off the phone or you hang up a picture.
你挂掉电话或者关掉电话，或者挂一幅画。
What is a hang-up? Now this is a noun. You've probably not heard this word before.
“hang-up”是什么意思？它是一个名词。你可能之前没有听过这个单词。
I hope everybody has some hang-ups, don't worry about it. But, I hope you don't have any crazy hang-ups.
我希望大家都有一些烦恼，不用担心。但是，我希望大家没什么很大的难题。
A hang-up is like a mental dislike of something.
“hang-up”是指精神上对某件事感到厌恶。
Something that you just really don't like, but you don't know why.
一件你真的不喜欢的事，但是你不知道原因。
Everybody has them. I have them and you have them.
大家都有。我有，你也有。
One of my hang-ups is red. I don't like red. You will never see me wearing a red shirt.
红色是我的一大心病。我不喜欢红色。你从未见过我穿红衬衫。
Why? I don't know; I just don't like it. It's my own personal hang-up. Okay, now again.
为什么？我不知道；我就是不喜欢。它的我的心病。再说一次，
How are you going to find out what a particular word means?
你怎么知道某个单词的意思是什么呢？
Check your dictionary, okay. All of these are in your dictionary.
查字典。所有这些单词都在你的字典里。
There's lots of online dictionaries by the way.
现在有很多网络词典。
If you need... if you don't have a dictionary, and you have internet m-w.com.
如果你需要...如果你没有字典，你可以登录韦伯字典网。
Merriam Webster's dictionary. American/English very good dictionary you go use it.
《韦氏词典》。非常好的字典，你可以使用它。
Now, before I go, I want to tell you there is a quiz on in engvid.com.
在结束之前，我想告诉大家，英格威网站上有一个小测。
Go, check it out, but, be careful. Some of these words are there but, there are some other words on this quiz.
去做做吧，但是要细心。有些今天讲的词会出现，还有些其他的词汇。
If you don't use a dictionary you'll have a bit of a hard time on this quiz, okay?
如果你们不使用字典，这个测验就会有点难，明白吗？
I hope that helps you out for the IELTS students.
我希望这对雅思学生有帮助。
Keep this in mind, study hard and I'll see you again soon. Thanks.
记住，努力学习，我们很快就会再见的。谢谢。
