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Hi guys, welcome back to www.engvid.com.
欢迎回到英格威英语学习网。
Today's lesson is a little bit different. It is based around boats.
今天的课程有一些不同。它是以船为基础的。
Now, the idea for this lesson is that - came from an experience that I had
这节课的想法来自于我的一次经历，
when I was trying to communicate in a language that was not my own on a boat.
那时我尝试用非母语谈论船只。
I lived in Spain for a year and a half, and I was invited onto a boat to take part in a hundred-mile race.
我在西班牙生活了一年半的时间，我受邀来到一艘船上，参与一个百里竞赛。
And the other crew, the other guys on the boat didn't really speak much English,
船上的其他人不怎么会说英语，
or didn't want to speak much English. So, it was a test for my Spanish.
或者是不想说英语。所以，这对我的西语水平是一次考验。
So, in this lesson, I'm going to be going over basic boat terminology, particular to a sailing boat rather than a motor boat.
所以在这次课程中，我要讲一些基本的船只术语，尤指帆船而不是摩托艇。
And then in the second half of the lesson, we will be looking at some idioms to do with the water and boats.
在课程的下半部分，我们要看一些关于水和船的习语。
Okay, so I hope it's interesting for you.
我希望你对这个内容感兴趣。
Now, I first did this standing in front of the whiteboard talking about boats
我第一次站在白板前谈论船是在我七八岁的时候，
when I was about seven or eight years old, so it feels quite weird to be doing it for YouTube.
所以在油管上做这个感觉很奇怪。
Here we go. So, this is a boat. There are two sails.
开始吧。这是一艘船。这里有两个帆。
This one is actually bigger than this one, I'm just not very good at drawing.
实际上这个要比那个更大一些，我只是不太擅长画画。
And this big sail here gives all the power to the boat.
这个大帆给了船所有的动力。
The wind blows and, through clever physics, the boat's able to go through the water.
风吹着，通过巧妙的物理原理，船能够在水中航行。
This one here is called the main sail. And the smaller one towards the front is called the jib.
这个叫做主帆。前面的小一点的叫做三角帆。
And this huge, great big pole, which may be metal or wood, depending on the type of boat, is called the mast, the mast.
这个巨大的杆子，可能是金属的，也可能是木头的，取决于船的类型，被称为桅杆。
Now, this thing here, you have to be really careful that it doesn't hit your head.
这个东西，你必须非常小心，以免撞到你的头。
It's called the boom, boom. Boom! You don't want it to hit your head.
这叫做帆桁。砰！你不希望它撞到你的头吧。
And sometimes, this will go from this side of the boat,
有时，它会从船的这一边开始，
so we're sitting here or there, and it'll cross to the other side, so you have to duck underneath it.
我们坐在这里或那里，它会穿到另一边，所以你得在下面躲开它。
So, this is where the steering takes place. You hold this - it's normally wood or some sort of aluminum or something.
这里是掌舵的地方。你要握着它，它通常是木头或者某种铝或什么东西。
It's called the tiller that controls the steering
它叫做舵柄，我们用它来掌舵。
and it connected to the bit that actually goes down into the water, which is called the rudder, okay?
它连接着那个实际上会沉入水中的部分，这个部分叫做艇舵。
If you have an anchor, it will be at the front.
如果你有一个锚，它会在前面。
You throw it out if you want to, I don't know, go and visit a nice beach somewhere.
如果你想去某个海滩游玩，你可以把它扔掉。
Okay. So, that's our basic, very, very basic parts on a boat.
这是船上最基本的，非常基本的部分。
Now, some basic theory for you. Let's imagine the wind is coming from here, yep.
给大家一些基本理论。让我们想象一下风是从这里来的。
You can't go directly into the wind, because it will blow against you and the sail won't know what to do.
你不能直接进入风中，因为风会吹向你，帆不知道该怎么办。
So, we have to bear away from the wind. We have to turn away from it.
我们必须避开风。我们必须避开它。
Now, this is the sail, yep. My hand is the sail, and this is the boat.
这是帆，是的。我的手是帆，这是船。
So, the closer we are to the wind, the closer the sail is to the boat.
我们离风越近，帆离船就越近。
And as we bear away from the wind, we let the sail out, okay?
当我们远离风时，我们把帆放出去。
And if you get here, the sail, the boat will then be here and you want the sail to come around to this side.
如果你到达这里，帆，船就会到达这里，你想让帆转到这边来。
If that makes any sense at all with my hands, okay. So, there are two points where you'll turn.
如果我用手能让你们理解的话，好。所以，你可以转向两个方位。
You turn there and you turn there. So, what can you control on a boat?
你转向这里，也可以转向那里。所以，你在船上能控制什么呢？
Well, you control which direction you are going in. It's called bearing away or bearing up into the wind.
你控制你要行进的方向。这被称为迎风而上。
If I turn away from the wind or go closer to the wind.
如果我避开风或者靠近风。
You can control this main sail, whether it's close or far out,
你可以控制主帆，不管它在近处还是远处，
and to have that just in the right place will affect the speed of the boat.
把它所处的位置会影响船的速度。
You also will control, whether the jib is in or whether you're going to let it further out, depending on the wind direction.
你也可以控制，小帆是在里面还是在外面，这取决于风向。
The center board can be all the way down into the water, or you can lift it up.
中央披水板可以一直放进水里，你也可以把它举起来。
I'm not going to explain why. It's complicated. And you can control where you sit.
我不打算解释原因。它是复杂的。而且你可以控制自己的位置。
So, to help with the balance of the boat, okay? So, that, in a nutshell, is the basic sort of rules.
帮助保持船的平衡，好吗？简单地说，这就是基本的规则。
The basic idea of sailing. Now, let's have a look at some idioms.
这就是航海的基本概念。现在，让我们来看看一些习语。
