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At last, doctors had the power to heal.
最后，医生拥有了治愈的力量。
It seemed man had infectious disease on the run.
看来人类遇到了在逃的传染病。
In the 40s, when antibiotics really came into general use, there was such a kind of high that developed.
40年代，当抗生素真正开始普遍使用时，获得了高度发展。
Because we were taking things like streptococcal blood poisoning and pneumonias, gonorrhea, syphilis
因为我们治疗诸如链球菌血中毒和肺炎、淋病、梅毒之类的疾病，
and all of these things were being cured.
所有这些都得到治愈。
It was really was a miracle.
这真是个奇迹。
Four-year-old Elijah was a sick little boy and his mother Vivian was worried.
四岁的以利亚是个生病的小男孩，他的母亲维维安很担心。
He wouldn't eat, he wouldn't do anything.
他不吃，什么也不做。
He just laid here.
他就躺在这里。
He said his foot was hurt.
他说脚疼。
Paxton did he step on something.
帕克斯顿踩到什么东西了。
did he hurt his foot?
他伤到脚了吗？
He said no.
他说没有。
It was very unusual.
这很不寻常。
Hanging that this fever wouldn't know Dan and knew it was serious.
丹不知道会烧得这么厉害。
As an experienced mother of five, Vivian had never seen an illness like this.
作为一个经验丰富的五个孩子的母亲，薇薇安从未见过这样的疾病。
After two days of high fever, she brought Elijah to the hospital.
高烧两天后，她把以利亚带到医院。
Vivian learned Elijah's fever in pain were caused by a bacterial infection in his foot.
维维安得知，以利亚疼痛发烧是由于脚部细菌感染所致。
The bacterium called pneumococcus usually causes ear infections.
肺炎球菌通常引起耳朵感染。
But in Elijah's case it got in his bloodstream and lodged in the bone.
但在以利亚的情况中，病菌进入了他的血液，停在骨头里。
The doctors prescribed antibiotics and expected Elijah to feel better in a couple of days.
医生开了抗生素，希望以利亚在几天内会感觉好些。
But five days later, Elijah's fever had not gone down.
但五天后，以利亚的高烧没有退去。
The antibiotics were not working.
抗生素无效。
In the late 70s, we produced in the pharmaceutical industry antibiotics active against resistant organisms in three or four different classes.
70年代末，我们在制药行业生产对抗三、四类耐药菌的抗生素。
In the early 80s, these products all came to the market and everybody all physicians said well
80年代初，这些产品全部进入市场，每个医生都说
now we've got something active against all the resistant organisms.
现在我们已经有了针对所有抗药性生物的有效成分。
And the message that came back to the pharmaceutical industry from the medical community
从医学界传给制药行业的信息是，
was in fact that they really didn't need anymore new antibiotics.
他们真的不再需要新的抗生素了。
I think that that was a certain segment of the medical community
我认为那是医学界的一部分人，
who didn't understand bacteria and understand how bacteria change and modify and adapt.
他们不了解细菌，也不了解细菌是如何变化、改变和适应的。
This is one way bacteria adapt.
这是细菌适应的一种方式。
A bacterium with a plasmid plasmids hold genetic information will connect with another bacterium.
一个含有质粒的细菌将与另一个细菌相连接。
