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A copy of the DNA is transferred.
DNA副本已经转移。
The new DNA may dictate a new food or energy source or tell how to dodge an antibiotic.
新的DNA可能决定一种新的食物或能量来源，或者告诉我们如何规避抗生素。
This sharing is passed on and on to other bacteria, even among different species.
这种共享传递给其他细菌，甚至在不同的物种之间传递。
And it can happen in less than an hour.
可能在不到一小时内发生。
You could say that well if organisms really began to exchange information,
可以这么说，如果有机体真的开始交换信息，
then all bacteria would kind of be the same they'd be in an amalgam.
那么所有的细菌都是一样的，它们是一个混合体。
But they're not.
但它们不是。
Each one is kind of very individualistic in terms of what they do and how they survive.
每个细菌在它们做什么和如何生存方面都是非常个人主义的。
And each one has a gimmick in order to survive.
为了生存，每个细菌都有花招。
So that has its places that were in the world.
所以，它有一席之地。
That's little comfort for Elijah and his mother, as the doctors try to find out why he is not getting better.
这对以利亚和他的母亲来说并没有什么安慰，因为医生们试图找出他为什么没有好转。
The heavy weapons of medicine are brought out to pinpoint his bone infection.
运用重型医学设备查明他的骨感染。
Doctors collect bacteria from his foot in the operating room.
医生在手术室从他脚上采集细菌。
Then grow it in the laboratory to find out why the medicine isn't working.
然后在实验室里进行养殖，找出为什么药物不起作用。
Pneumococcus is the leading bacterial cause of pneumonia, ear infections and meningitis.
肺炎球菌是引起肺炎、耳部感染和脑膜炎的主要细菌。
Throughout the country, the number of resistant pneumococcus strains is rising
在全国范围内，耐药性肺炎球菌的数量在上升，
and the strains are resisting more classes of antibiotics antibiotic.
并且对更多种类的抗生素产生了耐药性。
Resistance means that the bacteria have developed a way to avoid the killing action of antibiotics
耐药性意味着细菌已经发展出一种方法来避免抗生素的杀灭作用，
which simply means that if you have an infection and you're given one of these antibiotics, it probably won't work for you.
也就是说，如果你感染了，使用了一种抗生素，它可能对你无效。
You've been given all the information.
你已经获得了所有信息。
Now it's your turn to discuss the questions.
现在轮到你讨论这些问题了。
Take a moment to talk about the following.
花点时间谈谈以下几点。
How does life on Earth depend on bacteria?
地球上的生命是如何依赖细菌的？
How do bacteria adapt to new environments?
细菌如何适应新环境？
If you'd like to learn more about what you've just seen, go online or check out these books at your local library.
如果对于刚看到的东西，你想了解更多内容，可以上网查看或到当地图书馆看看这些书。
As you watch the second half of under the microscope, keep these questions in mind.
当你在显微镜下观察时，请记住这些问题。
How has the widespread use of antibiotics contributed to new health care problem.
抗生素的广泛使用如何导致新的医疗问题。
