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Welcome back to engVid. Today we are looking at a sentence construction that has gone a little bit wrong.
欢迎回到英格威学习网。今天我们来看看一个有点错误的句子结构。
We're looking at quite a simple phrase, and we're finding ways of saying it:
我们在看一个非常简单的短语，我们正在寻找表达它的方法:
A) correctly, and B) with lots of variation of vocabulary
A)正确，B)词汇变化很大，
so that you're feeling confident that you can say things in the past tense,
这样你就能自信地用过去时态表达事物，
but also that you're using interesting vocabulary.
而且你使用的词汇也很有趣。
Okay, apologies to the student whose phrase I have displayed up here for public consumption; you shall remain anonymous.
好了，向我在这里展示给大家看的学生道歉；你应该保持匿名。
"I done that". No. Death. Ah. You have not done that.
“我做到了”。不。死亡。啊。你没有那样做。
So, this is a past participle, here: "done", "I done that". "Done" does not go on its own.
所以，这是一个过去分词：“done”，“I done that”。“done”不能自己出现。
You can say: "I have done my homework", but: "I done that" - no.
你可以说：“I have done my homework”，但是：“I done that”——不对。
So, if you would like more information on this verb,
所以，如果你想了解更多关于这个动词的信息，
then check out the other engVid video on the verb "do" and its past tense varieties.
然后看看英格威网站上关于动词“do”及其过去时变体的视频。
But what I'm going to be concentrating on and how we can say that you have finished something,
但是我要关注的是我们如何说你完成了某件事，
because what my student actually meant is: "Benjamin, I have finished my homework." Okay?
因为我的学生实际上想说的是：“本杰明，我已经完成作业了。”好吧？
So, how could they have said that? Let's see.
他们怎么能这么说呢？让我们来看看。
What I have here are the 10 present tense verbs; and on the right-hand side on this side, we have their past participles.
这里有10个现在时动词；在右手边这一边，我们有它们的过去分词。
So: "accomplish". Yeah, because "do", "to do", "to say" - yeah,
所以：“完成”。是的，因为“do”，“to do”，“to say” -是的，
we want to avoid these really basic verbs, and find more interesting ones.
我们想要避免这些很基本的动词，并找到更有趣的词汇。
So, "to do". What he's saying is he's finished it. "I accomplished".
所以，“要做”。他说的是他已经完成了。“我完成了”。
Okay? An "accomplishment", an "accomplishment"... I'll write that up here for you.
好吧？一个“成就”，一个“成就”...我把它写在这里。
An "accomplishment", the noun, is when you've really achieved something.
“成就”的名词形式，指的是你真正取得的成就。
So, "to accomplish"-yeah-you've achieved; you've done something really great.
所以，“完成”，是的，你已经完成了；你做了件很棒的事。
Okay? "Accomplished". He also was really telling me that he had "met a deadline".
好吧？“完成的”。他还真切地告诉我，他赶上了最后期限”。
A "deadline" is: "You have to do this by this time and date.
“最后期限”是：“你必须在这个时间和日期之前做完这件事。”
If you do it, that's great". "Meet a deadline", "met a deadline". Yeah.
如果你做到了，那就太棒了。”“赶最后期限”、“赶上最后期限”。是的。
You're dead if you don't cross the line, having finished it. You're not really.
如果你没有越过这条线，你就死定了。你不会真的死掉。
Okay. "To bring to fruition". So, we've got a phrasal verb, here.
好吧。“开花结果”。这里有一个动词短语。
"Fruit", yeah, the idea of harvest; you bring it to fruition, then there's going to be lots of grapes, and bananas, and apples.
“果实”，是的，收获的意思；你让它结出果实，然后就会有很多葡萄、香蕉和苹果。
Yeah, we're all going to be sitting around like Greek gods. "Brought to fruition" would be the past tense.
是啊，我们都要像希腊神一样坐着了。“brought to fruition”应该是过去式。
"Do thoroughly", okay? So, "thoroughly" - carefully, fully-yup-absolutely every detail has been fulfilled.
“彻底做完”，好吗？所以，“彻底地”——仔细地，完全地——是的，每个细节都完成了。
"I did it thoroughly" would be in the past tense. "To execute". Now, we're not talking about killing something.
“I did it completely”用的是过去式。“执行”。现在，我们不是在说杀死什么东西。
"Execute" can be... well, often used in a legal... in the legal world: "to execute a will" - to follow a plan.
“执行”...通常用于合法的...在法律界：“执行遗嘱”——按照计划行事。
"To execute a plan" means to follow a plan. "I executed..." I did it well.
“执行计划”的意思是遵循计划。“我执行...”我做得很好。
"Finish", yeah. You're probably familiar with this verb already.
“完成”，是的。你可能已经熟悉这个动词了。
"Finished" - regular past tense. "To get through". "To get through" means you go through. Yeah, let's get through the tunnel.
“完成”——一般过去时。“通过”。“To get through”的意思是你通过了。好吧，让我们穿过隧道。
Imagine you're a car going through a mountain - you get through the tunnel when you are at the other end.
想象你是一辆穿过一座山的汽车，当你在隧道的另一端时，你通过了隧道。
Okay. "I got through it" would be the past tense. "To put something to bed".
好吧。“I got through it”是过去时态。“把什么东西放在床上”。
If you put something to bed... you got a baby, you put them to bed: "Ah, I'm finished.
如果你把什么东西放在床上...你有了孩子，你把他们放到床上：“啊，我做完了。
My day's work is done. Feet up; glass of wine". "Put something to bed", yeah, it stays "put" in the past tense, too.
我一天的工作结束了。翘起脚；来杯酒”。"Put something to bed"，是的，它的过去式仍然是“put”。
"To sew something up". If you sew something up-yup-let's imagine we got a hole here,
"缝东西"。如果你把东西缝起来——嗯——假设这里有个洞，
I sew it up, and it's all sort of finished and complete.
我把它缝好，一切都差不多完成了。
You have something sewn up. "To have something sewn up". "Wind up".
你做成了某事。"做成某事"。“结束”。
Now, "a windup" would be like a practical joke on April Fools' Day, but "to wind up"... well, there's two meanings, here.
现在，“windup”就像愚人节的恶作剧，但是“to wind up”...这里有两个意思。
You can wind someone up by annoying them, but what we mean here: "to wind something up" means to finish it.
你可以通过惹恼某人来激怒他们，但是我们这里的意思是：“wind something up”意思是完成某事。
Imagine you've got... you're fishing, and you're winding, winding in your reel.
想象你有...你在钓鱼，你绕着你的卷轴，绕着你的卷轴。
Okay? "To wind up", "to wind it up" - to finish it up.
好吧？“To wind up”，“To wind it up”——结束它。
How do we use these past tense varieties of the verbs in sentence context?
我们如何在句子中使用这些动词的过去时变体？
Something like this: "I feel like I've accomplished something." If you said that, I'd be so much more happy than that.
比如：“我感觉我完成了一些事情。”如果你这么说，我会比那高兴得多。
"I'm pleased to say that I met the deadline." Okay? "I'm pleased to say that".
“我很高兴地说，我赶上了最后期限。”好吧？“我很高兴这么说。”
"I'm pleased to say I met the deadline" or "I have met the deadline". "I have brought it to fruition.
“我很高兴地说我赶上了最后期限”或“我赶上了最后期限”。“我已经实现了它。
I have brought this project to fruition; this is the best that I can do." "I did it thoroughly.
我实现了这个项目；这是我能做的最好的了。”“我做得很彻底。
I did it as thoroughly as I could." "I have executed it to perfection." Okay?
我尽可能彻底地做了这件事。”“我把它做得完美无缺。”好吧？
So, this word gives quite a sort of precise feeling to it.
所以，这个词给人一种相当准确的感觉。
"I have executed it to perfection." "I finished it earlier on." Okay? A simpler phrase, there.
“我把它做得完美无缺。”“我早些时候就完成了。”好吧？一个更简单的短语。
It's complete; that completing happened earlier. "I got through it earlier. I managed to get through it.
这是完整的；完成的时间更早。“我早些时候完成了。我设法完成了。
I managed to get through it." Okay, I'll put that in there.
我设法挺了过来。”好的，我把它放在这里。
So, if I put "managed", "I managed", then this goes into the infinitive.
如果我加上“managed”，“I managed”，那么这个就变成不定式了。
"I managed to get through it earlier." "I have finally put it to bed" - "it" being the homework.
“我早些时候设法完成了。”“我终于把它放在床上了”——“它”是家庭作业。
"I've finally... I don't have to worry about that anymore." It's in bed, metaphorically. "I've got it all sewn up.
“我终于...我再也不用担心这个了。”它在床上，打个比方。“我已经把一切都做完了。
I've got it all sewn up; it's totally finished now." "I've wound it all up." Okay?
我已经把一切都做完了；现在一切都结束了。”“我已经把一切都搞定了。”好吧？
This doesn't sound particularly natural, so I've put it there just for your...
这听起来不是很自然，所以我把它放在这里只是为了给你...
for your knowledge, but it doesn't sound sort of quite as natural as some of the other ones.
就你们所知，但它听起来不像其他一些词那么自然。
Okay? We've got ten ways of saying: "I've finished something".
好吧？我们有十种表达“我完成了某事”的方法。
I hope that you can all take away some of these, and put them into your usage.
我希望你们都能把这些东西拿走，运用到你们自己的生活中去。
Thank you so much for watching. See you again soon.
非常感谢大家的收看。下次再见。
