评论
打印
In a 2019 study published in the British Journal of Social Psychology, researchers compared how Chilean citizens responded to a survey before and after an earthquake struck the country.
2019年发表在《英国社会心理学杂志》上的一项研究中，研究人员比较了智利民众在地震来袭前后对调查的反应。
The survey measured things like how motivated they felt to volunteer in their communities or donate to charitable causes, and, importantly, how much they reported actually helping out.
该调查衡量了他们在社区做志愿者或为慈善事业捐款的积极性，更重要的是，他们实际上提供了多少帮助。
And, much like other studies, they found that after the earthquake, the participants reported more motivation to help out and upped their donations to earthquake-related causes.
而且，正如其他研究一样，他们发现，在地震发生后，参与者们更愿意帮助他人，还增加了对地震相关事项的捐款。
But they also scored higher on the measures of “national identity”, which gauges how important a person's nationality is to how they define themselves, and how much they see themself as similar to others in their nation.
但他们在“国家认同”方面的得分也更高。这亦是衡量个人国籍对他们定义自己的重要性，以及认为自己与本国其他人有多少相似之处。
And the scores of people who lived in cities closest to the epicenter increased the most. They were also most likely to lend a hand.
居住在离震中最近城市的人群得分增加最多。他们也最有可能伸出援手。
The researchers figured that being more in the thick of things meant they shared a common experience with those in need.
研究人员发现，参与的更多意味着他们与那些需要帮助的人经历相似。
That experience reminded them of other things they have in common, like their national identity.
这段经历让研究人员们想起了其他的共同之处，比如国家认同。
And that feeling of connection may have then intensified their desire to help. Of course, not everyone switches into helper mode.
这种情感的联系可能会增强他们帮助别人的意愿。当然，也并不是每个人都会切换成助人型模式。
For instance, people who have experienced some kind of trauma before are more likely to show helping behavior when a disaster strikes.
例如，经历过某种创伤的人在灾难来临时更有可能表现出助人行为。
Like, that study on refugee hosting in Liberia found that people who had previously experienced violence during a civil war were more likely to host refugees.
比如，一项关于在利比里亚收容难民的研究发现，在内战期间经历过暴力的人更有可能收容难民。
And that was true whether or not those refugees were from a different religious or ethnic group.
无论这些难民是否来自不同的宗教或种族群体，事实都是如此。
That might be because helping others helps reduce the stress they feel from the situation, or because, after their experiences, they have more empathy for what others need.
这可能是因为帮助他人有助于减轻他们从中感受到的压力，或者是因为自身经历过这些之后，他们对他人的需求有了更多的同理心。
It's also fairly common for some people to need some convincing that a disaster has struck at all. This is called “normalcy bias”.
对于一些人来说，需要一些令人信服的证据来证明灾难已经降临也是颇为常见的。这被称为“正常化偏见”。
Basically, when presented with the possibility that everything is fine or everything is not, people will presume the more normal, less dangerous situation is accurate.
基本上，当人们面临着一切正常或不正常的可能性时，人们会认为越正常、危险性越小的情况越准确。
Still, by and large, when something really bad happens, a whole bunch of people step up.
不过，总的来说，当真正糟糕的事情发生时，一群人会站出来。
And knowing that can help leaders respond to disasters in the best way. If there's one thing all this research shows, it's that we can handle bad news.
了解这一点可以帮助领导人以最佳方式应对灾难。如果说所有这些研究都表明了一件事，那便是我们能够应对坏消息。
And in fact, we need to hear it, because it helps us decide what to do after something awful happens.
事实上，我们需要听到它，因为这样能帮助我们在糟糕的事情发生后决定该做什么。
While leaders might be concerned about panic unraveling the fabric of society, it's actually much more likely that, when people are informed, they'll step up and be awesome.
虽然领导者可能担心恐慌会引起社会结构瓦解，但实际上更有可能的是，当人们得知消息时，他们会站出来而且表现出色。
Thanks for watching this episode of SciShow Psych! Before I go, I want to say thanks to all our patrons on Patreon.
感谢收看本期《心理科学秀》节目！离开之前，我想对Patreon上所有的赞助人说声谢谢。
It's thanks to your enduring support that we've been able to weather everything that's happened this year. So we can't say it enough: thank you.
多亏您的长期支持，我们才得以够熬过今年发生的所有事情。因此再怎么说谢谢也不为过。
And if you're not a patron but want to learn more about this awesome community of science-lovers we keep talking about, you can learn more at Patreon.com/SciShow.
如果你不是赞助人，但想了解更多关于我们一直谈论的这个超棒的科学爱好者社群的信息，你可以登录Patreon.com/SciShow了解更多。
