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This episode is sponsored by Blinkist.
本期节目由Blinkist赞助。
Blinkist takes all of the need-to-know information from thousands of nonfiction books and condenses it down into just 15 minutes. Go to Blinkist.com/SciShowPsych to learn more.
Blinkist从数千本非虚构类书籍中收集了所有需要了解的信息，并将其压缩至15分钟之内。您可登录Blinkist.com/SciShowPsych了解更多信息。
For thousands of years, people have been using music for healing. Like, Ancient Egyptian and Greek physicians used instrumental music and song to help heal their patients.
几千年来，人们一直用音乐来疗伤。比如，古埃及和希腊的医生使用器乐和歌曲来帮助治愈病患。
And during World War II, people even used music therapy to help soldiers recover from injuries and mental trauma.
在第二次世界大战期间，人们甚至使用音乐疗法来帮助士兵从伤痛和精神创伤中恢复。
And while that might sound a little off the wall, studies have actually shown that music can reduce levels of stress hormones, decrease heart rate and blood pressure, relieve anxiety, and just make us happier.
虽然这听起来可能有点奇怪，但研究表明，音乐可以降低应激激素水平，降低心率和血压，缓解焦虑，让我们更快乐。
But that's not all. In the last few decades, advances in neuroscience have revealed that music is also a virtuoso when it comes to healing the brain.
但这还并非全部。在过去的几十年里，神经科学的进步揭示了音乐在治疗大脑方面也是一种效果显著。
Now, clinicians are using music therapy to help patients overcome head injuries, recover lost speech or mobility, and even rewire their brains.
现在，临床医生正在使用音乐疗法来帮助患者治疗头部损伤，恢复失语或行动能力，甚至重新连接他们的大脑。
Part of the reason music is so powerful is because the brain doesn't have a single section devoted to music.
音乐之所以如此强大的部分原因是大脑中没有专门处理音乐的区域。
The pathways activated by music also orchestrate language, attention, memory, complex cognition, and movement.
被音乐激活的神经通路也能协调语言、注意力、记忆、复杂认知和运动。
And that means music can potentially influence all these diverse functions. For example, our brains have networks of cells called auditory-motor circuits.
这意味着音乐可以潜在地影响所有这些不同的功能。例如，大脑中存在被称为听觉-运动回路的细胞网络。
Part of their job is to process the rhythmic sounds we hear, like the rhythms of speech or music.
它们的部分工作是处理我们听到的比如说话或音乐等有节奏的声音。
But they also stimulate rhythmic movements, like walking. Since these neural pathways deal with both sound and movement, if you excite the neurons with music, you can make them more ready to activate movement. And it's not uncommon.
但它们也会刺激有节奏的运动，比如走路。由于这些神经通路同时处理声音和运动，如果你用音乐刺激神经元，它们会更容易激活运动。这很常见。
Sometimes you hear music and you automatically tap your foot, or do a little dance, or walk to the beat.
有时你听到音乐，就会不由自主地用脚打拍子，或者跳舞，或者跟着节拍走。
And scientists can take advantage of this phenomenon to help people who struggle with movement. In a 1993 study, scientists recruited 10 people who had weakness in one side of their body after a stroke, which left them walking with a limp.
科学家们可以利用这一现象来帮助那些行动困难的人。在1993年的一项研究中，科学家们招募了10名中风后一侧身体虚弱、走路跛行的人。
Then the researchers asked them to walk to the rhythm of Renaissance dance music. And they measured the activity in the patients' muscles using electrodes attached to their bodies. The patients showed almost instantaneous improvements.
然后研究人员让他们跟着文艺复兴时期舞曲的节奏走。他们用连接在病人身体上的电极测量病人肌肉的活动。病人几乎立刻就有了好转。
They had more muscle activation in their weak side and more symmetry in their stride. And one 2017 study found that stroke patients who received music therapy were still moving better six months after the therapy ended.
他们虚弱一侧的肌肉活动更多，步幅更匀称。2017年的一项研究发现，接受音乐治疗的中风患者在治疗结束6个月后运动状况仍然很好。
This kind of therapy can help with all kinds of conditions that affect movement, too.
这种疗法也可以帮助各种影响运动的情况。
For instance, some of the same scientists from the 1993 study later used a similar therapy on patients with Parkinson's disease. The patients suffered from severe slowness or even freezing—where they essentially stopped moving altogether.
例如，1993年研究的一些科学家后来对帕金森症患者使用了类似的疗法。这些病人行动异常迟缓，甚至僵硬——他们基本上完全停止了活动。
But the scientists found that listening to music significantly sped up patients' walking pace and helped prevent freezing.
但科学家们发现，听音乐能显著加快病人的行走速度，并有助于防止僵硬。
In fact, overall, they found that among Parkinson's and stroke patients with movement problems, music therapy actually worked better than standard physical therapy.
事实上，总的来说，他们发现在有运动问题的帕金森症和中风患者中，音乐疗法实际上比标准的物理疗法效果更好。
A different kind of music therapy can also help with a condition called aphasia, which is the loss of the ability to speak or understand language. It's actually pretty common.
不同的音乐疗法也可以帮助治疗失语症，即丧失说话或理解语言的能力。这其实很常见。
One in 272 Americans has some degree of aphasia, often following a stroke, head injury, or brain tumor.
272个美国人中就有一个有一定程度失语症的，通常是在中风、头部受伤或脑瘤之后。
