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But what's unusual is that, while many people with aphasia can't speak, some can still sing—thanks to how musical memories are stored in the brain.
但不同寻常的是，虽然许多失语症患者不能说话，但有些人仍然可以唱歌——这要归功于大脑中储存的音乐记忆。
While your brain mostly processes language on the left side, it uses both sides to process music and store musical memories.
虽然大脑主要靠左脑处理语言，但它同时也用左脑处理音乐和存储音乐记忆。
So if people have damage on the left side of their brain and struggle to put original thoughts into words, they might still be able to use the right side of their brain to sing a favorite song.
所以，如果人们左脑受损，很难把原始的想法表达出来，他们可能仍然可以用右脑唱一首自己喜欢的歌。
And because of this connection between music and language, therapists can use music to train the right hemisphere to recover lost language skills. This process is called melodic intonation therapy.
由于音乐和语言之间的这种联系，治疗师可以通过音乐来训练大脑右半球来恢复失去的语言技能。这个过程被称为旋律音调疗法。
To start off, the therapist typically asks the patient to hum and then sing a short sentence like “Nice to meet you,” using a melody that mimics the natural intonation of the phrase.
一开始，治疗师通常会让病人哼唱一个短句子，比如“Nice To meet you”，使用模仿句子自然语调的旋律。
Gradually, they move on to saying the sentence with a sing-songy intonation, and then speaking the sentence. “Nice to meet you! Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you.”
慢慢地，他们用唱歌的语调说这个句子，然后说出这个句子。“Nice to meet you! Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you.”
So, melodic intonation therapy takes advantage of the right hemisphere's ability to communicate through song, then slowly trains it to transform song into speech.
因此，旋律音调疗法利用了大脑右半球通过歌声交流的能力，然后慢慢训练右半球将歌声转化为言语。
This rewires the brain, so that the right hemisphere takes over some of the language functions that the damaged left hemisphere can no longer perform.
这重新连接了大脑，使右半球接管了受损的左半球无法执行的语言功能。
Melodic intonation therapy is typically used when there is such severe damage in the left hemisphere that it's impossible to repair the neurons in that area. So it's necessary to recruit the right side to come to the rescue.
旋律音调疗法通常用于左脑受损严重，且无法修复该区域神经元的情况下。所以有必要动员右侧的一方来施救。
But when there's less damage, music therapy can be used to strengthen and rehabilitate connections in the injured area of the brain.
但当损伤较小时，音乐疗法可以用来加强和恢复大脑受损区域的连接。
For example, it can be used to treat cognitive problems caused by moderate traumatic brain injury, or TBI.
例如，它可以用于治疗由中度创伤性脑损伤引起的认知问题。
One part of the brain that's often damaged in TBIs is the orbitofrontal cortex, and that can cause problems with attention, concentration, and social behavior.
创伤性脑损伤患者大脑中经常受损的部分是眼窝前额皮质，这会导致注意力、专注力和社交行为方面的问题。
But studies have found that music can help patients with TBIs recover function in this part of their brain.
但研究发现，音乐可以帮助创伤性脑损伤患者恢复大脑这个部分的功能。
In one study, scientists recruited seven patients with damage to the orbitofrontal cortex who were having persistent cognitive problems even after non-musical therapy.
在一项研究中，科学家招募了7名眼窝前额皮层受损的患者，他们在接受非音乐治疗后仍有持续的认知问题。
During the eight-week study, the researchers gave the patients two piano lessons a week and instructed them to practice at home each day.
在为期8周的研究中，研究人员每周给病人上两次钢琴课，并要求他们每天在家练习。
Afterward, the patients listened to music in an FMRI scanner while the scientists monitored the activity in different regions of their brain.
之后，研究人员让这些病人在功能磁共振成像扫描仪中听音乐，同时监测他们大脑不同区域的活动。
And compared to the beginning of the study, they found increased activity and connectivity in several brain areas, including the orbitofrontal cortex.
与研究开始时相比，他们发现大脑几个区域，包括眼窝前额皮质的活动和连通性增加。
What's more, six out of the seven patients experienced improvements in attention, memory, learning, and social interaction. They were even able to return to work again.
更重要的是，七名患者中有六名在注意力、记忆、学习和社交方面有所改善。他们甚至能够重返工作岗位。
So, for those who can experience it, music is not only relaxing, uplifting, and fun. It can also stimulate neurons to improvise new connections and pathways, helping people with different brain conditions get their groove back.
所以，对于那些能够体验音乐的人来说，音乐不仅是放松、振奋和有趣的。它还可以刺激神经元即兴建立新的连接和路径，帮助不同大脑状况的人恢复最佳状态。
Not only do our experiences influence our brains; our brains are also tied to the way we experience the world.
我们的经历不仅会影响大脑，我们的大脑也与我们体验世界的方式有关。
And if you're interested in learning more about that, you might enjoy the book “Phantoms in the Brain,” which is available on Blinkist.
如果你有兴趣了解更多这方面的知识，你可能会喜欢《脑中魅影》这本书，可以在Blinkist上找到。
Blinkist is an app for everyone who wishes they could read more but can't keep up with all the great books there are out there.
Blinkist是一款适用于所有想要阅读更多但无法读完所有优秀书籍的人的应用。
It highlights the most important insights and need-to-know information from nonfiction books and condenses them down so that you can either read or listen to them in just 15 minutes.
它突出了非小说类书籍中最重要的见解和需要知道的信息，并将其压缩，这样你就可以在15分钟内阅读完或听完。
Blinkist has over 3000 titles covering science, history, self-help, business, and more, so no matter what you like, there's something for you.
Blinkist中有3000多个标题，涵盖科学、历史、励志、商业和更多门类，因此无论你喜欢什么，都会找到想要的。
And the first 100 people to sign up at Blinkist.com/SciShowPsych will get free unlimited access for a week. You'll also get 25% off if you decide to get a full membership.
在Blinkist.com/SciShowPsych注册的前100名用户将获得一周的免费期。如果你决定成为正式会员，你还可以得到25%的减价。
