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What makes morality unique is that a lot of times people experience a moral judgment as a flash of intuition or feeling, good or bad.
道德的独特之处在于，很多时候人们经历的道德判断是一种直觉或感觉的闪现，无论好坏。
But underneath that feeling is complex moral psychological structure.
但在这种感觉的背后，是复杂的道德心理结构。
We think that our morals are steadfast, as if they were set in stone or inscribed in ink, but it turns out our morals are far more fluid than we'd like to believe.
我们认为我们的道德就如同被刻在石头上或用墨水镌刻的一样坚定，但事实证明道德远比我们想象中的要易变。
Studying moral psychology allows us access to other's perspectives, that others could have different values.
学习道德心理学可以让我们了解其他人可能不同的价值观。
And so just knowing that there is this complex space of moral psychology could help us to understand where other people are coming from.
所以懂得道德心理学的这一复杂空间可以帮助我们理解他人从何而来。
I'm Liane YOUNG. I'm a psychology professor at Boston College. And in my lab, we study human moral decision-making.
我是李阿娜·杨，波士顿学院的心理学教授。在我的实验室里，我们研究人类的道德决策。
A key question in our lab right now is what the role of reasoning is for moral psychology.
目前我们实验室的一个关键问题是，推理在道德心理学中扮演着怎样的角色。
So, when do people and how do people think about different principles for making moral decisions?
那么，人们在什么时候，以及人们如何思考做出道德决定的不同原则呢？
Morality might seem like a compass needle, always guiding us north. But as we start to add information and context that trigger biases, the needle begins to spin.
道德似乎像是指南针上的针，总是指引我们向北。但当我们开始添加引发偏见的信息和背景时，指针就开始转动了。
Moral cognition depends hugely on context. So, if I tell you about somebody who helped a stranger, you would say, they're much better than the person who helped their brother.
道德认知很大程度上取决于环境。因此，如果我告诉你一个人帮助了陌生人，你会说，他们比帮助他们兄弟的人要高尚得多。
But if I told you about a person who helped the stranger instead of the brother, you wouldn't think they're very good at all.
但如果我告诉你有个人帮助了陌生人而不是他兄弟，你肯定不会觉得他们高尚。
And it turned out through the research that we did, it was really people's intuitions about familial obligation that structured people's moral intuitions across all of these different cases.
通过我们的研究发现，人们对家庭义务的直觉构成了人们在不同情况下的道德直觉。
We may say adultery is wrong, but if it's a friend who we know well, who had a troubled marriage, maybe we're more forgiving.
我们可能会说通奸有错，但如果是一个我们很熟悉的朋友，一个婚姻不幸的人，也许我们会更宽容。
We say stealing is wrong, but we might be more understanding of our favorite politician when they're caught lining their pockets. We do this all the time.
我们会说偷窃是错误的，但当我们最喜欢的政客被发现中饱私囊时，我们可能会更理解他们。我们经常如此。
The point is that there are lots of different contextual influences that contribute to people's moral judgments.
关键是，有很多不同的背景影响会左右人们的道德判断。
