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Morality has evolved with our species because of human's practical and psychological need for social bonds, but even early human societies began codifying morality into laws and norms that were meant to be applied universally.
由于人类对社会纽带的实际和心理需求，道德也在随着我们而进化，但即使是早期人类社会也开始将道德编纂成以期普遍适用的法律和规范。
Back in evolutionary time, people didn't interact with others across the world. We interacted with the people in our family, the people that we could see.
在进化时期，人们并不与世界各地的人互动。我们只是与家人及能见到的人交流。
It's because of that, moral psychology has developed these sorts of biases that have to do with social distance.
正因为如此，道德心理学发展出了这些与社会距离有关的偏见。
So, we think that the harm that is being done up close and personal, right in front of us matters more than the harm that is being done to somebody across an ocean.
因此，我们会认为发生在眼前的，近距离的人身伤害远比发生在大洋彼岸的人身上的伤害更重要。
So, it shouldn't surprise us that the biases our minds exhibit are pragmatic. The moral judgments we make about our close associates are more forgiving and nuanced than the judgments we make of strangers.
所以，不应该感到惊讶的是，我们的大脑表现出的偏见是很现实的。我们对亲密伙伴做出的道德判断比我们对陌生人做出的判断更宽容、更微妙。
The evolutionary origin of morality is coordination or cooperation; to help people get onto the same page by pointing to common normative principles that we can use to negotiate relationships, to organize interactions across many different social contexts.
道德的进化起源是协调或合作；通过指出共同的规范原则来帮助人们达成共识，我们可以用这些原则来协商关系、组织不同社会背景下的互动。
When we examine the moral judgments of others, it's tempting to think that we live in different worlds, but there's only one.
当我们审视他人的道德判断时，很容易认为我们生活在不同的世界，但其实只有一个世界。
The challenge today is that our social contexts are far more global and complicated. So, can our sense of tribal morality evolve to encompass people outside of our tribe?
当下的挑战在于，我们的社会环境愈加全球化和复杂化。那么，种族道德感能进化到将种族以外的人也包括进来吗？
And so I think learning about the psychology that drives that experience for individuals, thinking about what to do and also individuals thinking about how to evaluate others is going to be a really important process for negotiating complex social interactions.
所以我认为学习推动个人体验的心理学，思考该做什么以及个体思考如何评价他人对于处理复杂的社会互动是非常重要的过程。
I think that clarifying the value that you are consulting for a particular problem is really critical.
我认为澄清你所咨询的特定问题的价值非常重要。
We are all connected in some way. Between any two people in the world, there's some common value or experience.
我们都以某种方式联系在一起。世界上任何两个人之间，都有一些共同的价值观或经历。
Finding that commonality could be the best path towards a more morally consistent world.
发现共性可能是通往道德一致的世界的最佳途径。
