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Hey there, Psych2goers. And welcome back to another video.
嘿，大家好，欢迎回来。
Have you ever heard of melancholic depression?
你听说过忧郁症吗？
According to the "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders," or the DSM, someone who experiences the distinct symptoms of melancholia is known as having a Melancholic Major Depressive Disorder.
根据《精神疾病诊断和统计手册》(DSM)，有明显抑郁症状的人被称为“抑郁症重郁症”。
It's a subtype of depression, rather than a separate diagnosis.
这是抑郁症的一种亚型，而不是单独的诊断。
There are several unique characteristics of Melancholic MDD that set it apart from other forms of depression.
抑郁症有几个独特的特征，使它有别于其他形式的抑郁症。
So, here are six signs you may have Melancholic MDD.
所以，以下是你可能患有抑郁症的6个迹象。
Oh, but before we begin, we'd like to mention that this video is created for educational purposes only and is not intended to substitute a professional diagnosis.
但在我们开始之前，我们想提一下，这个视频只是为了教育目的而制作的，并不是为了替代专业诊断。
If you suspect you may have melancholic depression or any mental health condition, we highly advise you seek help from a qualified mental health professional.
如果你怀疑自己可能患有忧郁症或任何精神疾病，我们强烈建议你寻求合格的心理健康专家的帮助。
Okay, onto the video. Number one, loss of pleasure.
好的，回到视频。第一，失去了快乐。
Have you lost your desire to socialize or do the things that you would normally find joy in?
你是否已经失去了社交或做那些你通常会令你感到快乐的事情的欲望？
In Melancholic MDD, the loss of pleasure is known as Anhedonia which can inhibit the functioning of your reward system.
在抑郁性重度抑郁症中，快乐的丧失被称为“快感缺乏”，它会抑制你的奖赏系统的功能。
Instead of being motivated to complete tasks to receive a reward like to get an A or to get in shape, you may suddenly find even the smallest of tasks difficult to achieve.
你可能会突然发现，如果不是为了得到A或者保持身材这样的奖励，即使是最微不足道的任务也很难完成。
Two, psychomotor changes.
第二，精神运动的变化。
The slowness of movement is a common feature in Melancholic MDD.
运动缓慢是抑郁症的共同特征。
One study even compared it to Parkinson's and found that complex movement was a challenge in both disorders.
一项研究甚至将其与帕金森氏症进行了比较，发现复杂的运动对这两种疾病都是一项挑战。
Melancholic MDD can also represent negative symptoms similar to schizophrenia.
抑郁症也可以表现出类似于精神分裂症的阴性症状。
These are a group of symptoms marked by the absence of normal levels of activity, which can include loss of facial expression, psychomotor impairment, and intentional disturbances.
这是一组以缺乏正常活动水平为特征的症状，包括面部表情缺失、精神运动障碍和故意干扰。
It can make everyday tasks like doing chores and communicating with others, very difficult.
它会让做家务和与他人交流这样的日常任务变得非常困难。
Three, impaired cognitive function.
第三，认知功能受损。
Do you have trouble concentrating, making decisions, and remembering things?
你在集中注意力、做决定和记忆方面有困难吗？
A study found that those diagnosed with Melancholic MDD performed significantly worse on tasks that tested problem solving skills, memory, and processing speed, than those with non Melancholic MDD.
一项研究发现，患有重度抑郁症的人在测试解决问题的能力、记忆力和处理速度时的表现明显比非重度抑郁症的人差。
While impaired cognitive function can still be present in Non-Melancholic MDD, this research shows that there are clear differences between the two.
虽然非抑郁性重度抑郁症仍可能存在认知功能受损，但这项研究表明两者之间存在明显的差异。
Four, depressed mood characterized by despair and emptiness.
第四，以绝望和空虚为特征的抑郁情绪。
Do you find that your interests and passions no longer give you purpose or meaning?
你是否发现你的兴趣和激情不再给你目标或意？
Melancholic MDD is characterized by profound feelings of despondency, despair and emptiness.
忧郁型抑郁症的特征是感觉到深深地沮丧、绝望和空虚。
These emotions of melancholia are thought to be the inspiration for many inspiring artists, musicians, and writers across history.
忧郁症的这种情绪被认为是历史上许多鼓舞人心的艺术家、音乐家和作家的灵感来源。
But while melancholy and its effects may have inspired works with beauty, the cost has often been immense mental suffering.
然而，虽然忧郁及其影响可能会激发出美丽的作品，但其代价往往是巨大的精神痛苦。
Five, feelings of hopelessness or guilt.
第五，绝望或内疚的感觉。
Do you experience episodes of hopelessness and guilt out of the blue?
你有没有过突然感到绝望和内疚？
Your feelings of hopelessness or guilt are not triggered by stressful or tragic events as social and psychological factors rarely contribute to this form of depression.
你的绝望感或罪恶感不是由压力或悲剧性事件引发的，因为社会和心理因素很少导致这种形式的抑郁症。
Instead, it's linked to genetics. And this is why people with this subtype of depression often have family histories with mood disorders or suicides.
相反它与基因有关。这就是为什么患有这种亚型抑郁症的人通常有情绪障碍或自杀的家族病史。
And because of this, medication is usually the treatment option, since psychotherapy, counseling, or other psychological interventions is unlikely to work.
正因为如此，药物通常会是治疗的选择，因为心理疗法、咨询或其他心理干预不太可能起作用。
Number six, waking up early in the morning.
第六，早上起得很早。
Do your symptoms tend to get worse in the morning?
你的症状会在早上加重吗？
It's common for people with this disorder to experience a disrupted sleep-wake cycle and to wake up in the early hours of the day.
患有这种疾病的人通常会经历一个被打乱的睡眠——觉醒周期，会在一天很早的时候醒来。
While mornings may be especially difficult, there is often a pattern known as diurnal variation where mood and energy levels improve as the day goes on.
虽然早晨可能会特别困难，但通常有一个模式被称为昼夜变化，情绪和精力水平会随着一天的推移而改善。
And this is unique to Melancholic MDD, compared to milder forms of depression where symptoms tend to worsen at night.
这是抑郁症所特有的，相对于症状在晚上会恶化的轻度抑郁症。
So have you experienced any of these symptoms or know someone who has? Let us know in the comments below.
你有这些症状吗？或者你认识的人里有有这些症状的吗？请在下方的评论区告诉我们。
If you found this video helpful, be sure to like and share this video with those who might benefit from it. Subscribe to Psych2go go for more videos.
如果你觉得本期视频有帮助，请一定要喜欢并与那些可能从中受益的人分享。订阅Psych2go观看更多视频。
And the references and studies used in this video are added in the description below. As always, thanks for watching.
本视频中使用的参考文献和研究都添加在了下方的描述中。最后还是那句话，感谢收看。
