评论
打印
As with many pharaohs, the story of Hatshepsut has continued into modern times thanks to archaeologists finding her tomb.
和许多法老一样，哈特谢普苏特的故事一直延续到现代，因为考古学家发现了她的陵墓。
However, her contemporary tale is a long and complicated one that stands out from the rest because it has been developing for over 200 years.
然而，她的当代故事是一个漫长而复杂的故事，在其他故事中脱颖而出，因为它已经发展了200多年。
Hatshepsut died in 1458 BC and was buried in a royal tomb dubbed KV20, originally alongside her father, Thutmosis I.
哈特谢普苏特死于公元前1458年，被葬在一个名为KV20的皇家坟墓里，最初和她的父亲图特摩斯一世葬在一起。
The tomb itself is notable because Egyptologists believe it may have been the first of its kind built in the region known today as the Valley of the Kings.
埃及古物学家认为，该墓穴可能是在今天的帝王谷地区建造的第一个墓穴。
The first mention we have of the tomb in modern times actually comes to us courtesy of Napoleon.
我们第一次提到现代的陵墓实际上是拿破仑的恩惠。
Maybe not him personally, but the scientific expedition he sent there in 1799.
也许不是他本人，而是1799年他派去那里的科学探险队。
It was part of his campaign into Egypt and Syria which mostly consisted of him fighting the Ottoman and the English Empires.
这是他进军埃及和叙利亚的战役的一部分，主要是与奥斯曼帝国和英国帝国作战。
On the military side, the campaign was a flop - Napoleon failed to conquer Syria and, while he did capture Egypt, he later had to surrender it in order to withdraw.
在军事方面，这次战役是失败的——拿破仑没能征服叙利亚，虽然他确实占领了埃及，但后来他不得不放弃埃及以撤退。
On the scientific side, however, it turned out to be one of the most significant expeditions in history.
然而，在科学方面，它被证明是历史上最重要的探险之一。
A large contingency of 167 engineers and scientists from all areas of study traveled to Egypt.
167名来自各个研究领域的工程师和科学家前往埃及。
They mapped the area and recovered thousands of items.
他们绘制了该地区的地图，并找到了数千件物品。
Of particular importance was the discovery of one artifact by a young engineer named Pierre-Fran?ois Bouchard - an artifact without which we would have never been able to understand the language, traditions, and history of the Egyptians - the Rosetta Stone.
尤其重要的是，一位名叫Pierre-Fran?ois Bouchard的年轻工程师发现了一件人工制品——罗塞塔石碑。如果没有它，我们将永远无法了解埃及人的语言、传统和历史。
These discoveries triggered renewed interest in ancient Egypt back in Europe and, more or less, helped establish the field of Egyptology.
这些发现重新激发了欧洲人对古埃及的兴趣，或多或少帮助建立了埃及学领域。
As far as KV20 was concerned, the French found it and mapped it, but it was buried under rubble so they did not explore it.
就KV20而言，法国人发现了它并绘制了地图，但它被埋在碎石下，所以他们没有进行勘探。
In 1817, pioneering Italian Egyptologist Giovanni Battista Belzoni also made note of the tomb's location but, like before, he did not have the time, resources, or disposition to excavate it.
1817年，意大利先驱埃及古物学家乔瓦尼·巴蒂斯塔·贝尔佐尼(Giovanni Battista Belzoni)也注意到了陵墓的位置，但像以前一样，他没有时间、资源或配置去挖掘它。
By the way, that Belzoni was quite a character and lived a fascinating life, one you can learn about in detail in the video we did on him a while back.
顺便说一下，贝尔佐尼是个很有个性的人，他的一生很精彩，你们可以在我们之前做的关于他的视频中详细了解。
Getting back to Hatshepsut, it wasn't until 1825 that an attempt was made to excavate her tomb by British scholar James Burton.
回到哈特谢普苏特，直到1825年，英国学者詹姆斯·伯顿才试图挖掘她的坟墓。
He only made it as far as the first chamber.
他只走到第一个房间。
Afterwards came German Egyptologist Karl Richard Lepsius in 1844 who mapped out parts of the tomb but, again, failed to make any significant progress.
后来，1844年，德国埃及古物学家卡尔·理查德·莱普修斯(Karl Richard Lepsius)来了，他绘制出了陵墓的一部分，但同样没有取得任何重大进展。
It wasn't until 1904 that someone finally managed to clear out all the debris and completely excavate KV20 and that someone was Howard Carter, the same archaeologist who would discover the tomb of Tutankhamun 18 years later.
直到1904年，终于有人清理了所有的碎片，并完全挖掘出了KV20，这个人就是霍华德·卡特，就是18年后发现图坦卡蒙陵墓的那位考古学家。
Carter completely cleaned out the tomb of all its contents, but afterwards came the hard part of trying to make sense of what he found.
卡特彻底清理了墓穴里的所有东西，但接下来的困难部分是试图弄清楚他发现了什么。
There were quite a few artifacts which had inscriptions mentioning Hatshepsut as the "King of Upper and Lower Egypt," cementing the idea that she served as pharaoh in her own right and not just as regent.
在相当多的文物上，有铭文提到哈特谢普苏特是“上埃及和下埃及的国王”，这巩固了她作为法老的权利，而不仅仅是摄政王的观点。
However, what puzzled Egyptologists was the presence of two sarcophagi...but no mummies.
然而，让埃及古物学家感到困惑的是，那里有两具石棺……但是没有木乃伊。
Both had been built for Hatshepsut, yet neither one contained any remains.
它们都是为哈特谢普苏特建造的，但都没有留下任何遗迹。
The mystery of why there were two coffins was solved relatively easily when archaeologists translated the hieroglyphics.
当考古学家翻译这些象形文字时，为什么有两具棺材的谜团就相对容易地解开了。
Part of the inscription said " ...long live the Female Horus...Hatchepsut-Khnemet-Amun! May she live forever! She made it as her monument to her father whom she loved...Thutmosis the justified."
碑文的一部分写着“……女荷鲁斯万岁…哈切普苏特- khnemet - amun !愿她长生不老!她把它当作纪念她深爱的父亲的纪念碑。Thutmosis合理的。”
Basically, the first sarcophagus had been built for Hatshepsut, but then she refurbished it for her father so that they would be buried together.
基本上，第一个石棺是为哈特谢普苏特建造的，但后来她为她父亲翻新了它，这样他们就能葬在一起了。
However, Tuthmosis I was later removed from the sarcophagus and placed inside another tomb, KV38.
然而，图特摩斯一世后来被移出石棺，安置在另一座坟墓KV38里。
This was supposed to be a grander mausoleum more befitting someone of his stature, but this tomb was discovered and completely plundered by looters.
这应该是一个更适合他的地位的更宏伟的陵墓，但这个陵墓被发现并被洗劫一空。
That still left one big question: What happened to Hatshepsut? Her remains were probably removed alongside those of her father, but where were they? Over the decades, several potential candidates were put forward.
还有一个大问题:哈特谢普苏特发生了什么?她的遗体可能和她父亲的遗体一起被移走了，但它们在哪里?几十年来，人们提出了几个可能的人选。
Hatshepsut became similar to Nefertiti, another famous Egyptian queen whose remains have yet to be found.
哈特谢普苏特与另一位著名的埃及王后娜芙提蒂相似，她的遗体至今仍未被发现。
Every time a new female mummy was discovered that was about the right age, people speculated that she might be the long-lost pharaoh.
每当发现与年龄相符的新女性木乃伊时，人们就猜测她可能就是失踪已久的法老。
One of those candidates was a nameless mummy discovered in 1903, also by Howard Carter, in Tomb KV60.
其中一个候选木乃伊是1903年霍华德·卡特在KV60墓中发现的一具无名木乃伊。
