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精神分裂的6种症状

来源:可可英语 编辑:Vicki   可可英语APP下载 |  可可官方微信:ikekenet

Hi, Psych2Goers and welcome back to another video.

Psych2Goers,大家好,欢迎收看该视频。

Thank you so much for your love and support, enabling us to make yet another exploration into everyday psychology and mental health. So let's begin.

非常感谢大家的爱和支持,使我们能够对日常心理和心理健康进行另一次探索。那么让我们开始吧。

When you think of schizophrenia, what comes to mind? Does having multiple or split personalities make a schizophrenic?

当你想到精神分裂症时,你会想到什么?多重人格或分裂人格会导致精神分裂症吗?

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Psychiatric Disorders, also known as DSM-5, defined schizophrenia as a mental disorder consisting of a constellation of symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, and abnormal behaviors.

《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》,也被称为DSM-5,将精神分裂症定义为一种由一系列症状组成的精神障碍,如妄想、幻觉、思维混乱和异常行为。

No single symptom alone is characteristic of the disorder and people exhibit different symptoms.

这种疾病没有单一的症状,患病者通常会表现出不同的症状。

Today, we will be discussing six signs of schizophrenia.

今天,我们将讨论精神分裂症的六种症状。

But before we begin, please remember this video is for educational purposes only. Do not use this information to self-diagnose.

但是在我们开始之前,请知悉该视频只用于教育目的,请不要使用该视频信息进行自我诊断。

We encourage you to seek professional help from a psychiatrist or other health professionals.

我们鼓励大家向精神科医生或其他健康专家寻求专业帮助。

One, delusions.

第一,错觉。

Do you know of someone who believes they will be harmed by an individual or group, even though without evidence? This is an example of a persecutory delusion.

有的人相信自己会被某个人或者某个组织伤害,即便没有任何证据,你认识这样的人吗?这就是“迫害妄想症”的表现。

What about someone who believes they're the richest person in the world? Grandiose delusions are exactly that.

还有人相信自己是世界上最富裕的人,这就是“夸大妄想”的表现。

Delusions are beliefs that do not change, even when there is clear conflicting evidence present.

错觉指即便有明确的矛盾的证据存在,也不会改变他的信念。

Other types of delusions are referential delusions such as, "The trees are telling me something," or nihilistic delusions such as, "The world is ending," and somatic delusions such as, "There's something wrong with my body, even when my doctor disagreed."

其他类型的错觉有“指称性错觉”,比如“树在告诉我什么”,或者“虚无性错觉”,比如“世界在终结”,还有“躯体性错觉”,比如“我的身体出问题了,即便我的医生不这么认为。”

Two, hallucinations.

第二,幻觉。

Have you ever heard someone hearing voices that seems so very real to them occurring outside their own thoughts?

有的人会在自己的思维之外听到一些非常真实的声音,你听说过这种人吗?

These are auditory hallucinations, which are the most common in schizophrenia.

这就是幻听,在精神分裂症中最为常见。

Hallucinations are experiences that happen when there is no external stimulus.

幻觉是在没有任何外部刺激的情况下发生的体验。

Hallucinations can also be visual, which is the case if you see something that is not actually there.

幻觉也可能是视觉上的,看到了不存在的东西。

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However, hallucinations can be a normal part of religious experiences and having hallucinations without other symptoms does not mean that you have schizophrenia.

然而,幻觉可以是宗教体验的正常组成部分,没有其他症状的幻觉并不能说明你患有精神分裂症。

Three, disorganized speech.

第三,支离破碎的言语。

Have you seen someone constantly switching from one topic to another, especially when there is no obvious connection between the topics? Such is they identity of disorganized speech.

有的人说话会不断地从一个话题切换到另一个话题,而且这些话题之间没有明显的联系,你见过这种人吗?这就是支离破碎的言语的表现。

Sometimes it can be so incomprehensible that others cannot understand what is going on.

有时候你会觉得他说的话非常地不可思议,以至于没有人知道他在说什么。

Another case of disorganized speech is tangentiality, which is when someone just goes off in tangents.

另一种“支离破碎的言语”的表现是“言不及义”,就是说他说的话偏离了主题。

Four, abnormal movements or motor behaviors.

四、异常活动或运动行为。

Catatonic behavior is a marked decrease in environmental reactivity.

紧张症行为是环境反应性的显著降低。

And catatonia is a group of symptoms that usually involve a lack of movement and communication, and can also include agitation, confusion and restlessness.

紧张症是一组症状,通常涉及缺乏运动和交流,也可能包括焦虑、困惑和不安。

Common catatonic behaviors include showing reduced responsiveness to the environment that lasts for hours or even days, performing strange movements and staying in uncomfortable positions without shifting.

常见的精神紧张症行为包括持续数小时甚至数天对环境的反应性降低,表现出奇怪的动作,保持不舒服的姿势不动。

They may echo their speech, have difficulty speaking, or erratic and extreme movements. The opposite can also occur.

他们可能会重复自己的语言,说话有困难,或做出不稳定和极端的动作。相反的情况也可能发生。

Someone can move so much without a clear goal, which is called catatonic excitement.

有些人可以在没有明确目标的情况下做很多事情,这被称为紧张性兴奋。

However, catatonia, like hallucinations, can be a symptom of other mental disorders like bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder with catatonia.

然而,紧张症,像幻觉一样,可能是其他精神障碍的症状,如双相情感障碍或伴紧张症的重度抑郁症。

Five, decreased emotional expression.

第五,情绪表达下降。

Do you know of someone who shows diminished emotional expression?

你认不认识情感表达在减少的人?

Do they sound very monotone, like a robot, and appear very stiff when they stand compared to a relaxed position that we usually expect?

听他们说话会很单调,就像机器人一样,正常人站着的时候预期姿势会很放松,而他们站着的时候会显得很僵硬。

When we speak, it's typical that we display facial expressions that show how we feel.

正常人说话时通常会通过面部表情来表达自己的感受。

A sign of schizophrenia is a lack of emotional expression that is typically expected.

而精神分裂症的一个症状就是缺乏通常预期的情感表达。

Other symptoms that are signs of schizophrenia include avolition, which means a lack of motivation to do anything;

精神分裂症的其他症状包括“无动机”,就是说缺乏做任何事情的动力。

alogia, which means less speech output; And asociality, when someone shows no interest in social interactions.

“失语症”,就是说更少的语言输出。还有“无社会性”,就是说对社交互动不感兴趣。

Six, memory problems.

第六,记忆问题。

According to J.Daniel Ragland, professor of psychiatry in the UC Davis School of Medicine, people with schizophrenia have difficulty retrieving associations within a context.

根据加州大学戴维斯分校医学院精神病学教授J·丹尼尔·拉格兰的说法,精神分裂症患者很难在特定情境中找回联想。

This creates a pervasive loss of memory that makes everyday life a challenge.

这就会造成记忆的大范围丧失,从而使日常生活成为问题。

For example, you can't work if you can't remember the steps in what your boss told you to do.

例如,如果你不记得老板让你做的事情的步骤,你就无法工作。

Memory troubles are caused by the dysfunctional frontal and temporal lobe regions in the brain.

记忆障碍是由大脑额叶和颞叶区域功能失调引起的。

We hope we were able to give you some insight into the different signs of schizophrenia.

希望我们能让大家了解到精神分裂症的不同症状。

重点单词   查看全部解释    
constantly ['kɔnstəntli]

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adv. 不断地,经常地

 
multiple ['mʌltipl]

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adj. 许多,多种多样的
n. 倍数,并联

联想记忆
psychiatry [sai'kaiətri]

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n. 精神病学

 
agitation [.ædʒi'teiʃən]

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n. 激动,鼓动,搅动

联想记忆
somatic [səu'mætik]

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adj. 身体的,肉体的,体壁的

联想记忆
typical ['tipikəl]

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adj. 典型的,有代表性的,特有的,独特的

 
manual ['mænjuəl]

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adj. 手工的,体力的
n. 手册,指南,键

联想记忆
involve [in'vɔlv]

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vt. 包含,使陷入,使忙于,使卷入,牵涉

联想记忆
shifting [ʃiftiŋ]

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n. 转移 adj. 不断改换的 动词shift的现在分

 
delusion [di'lu:ʒən]

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n. 错觉

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