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On 12 April, 1961, Baikonur Cosmodrome in what is now Kazakhstan picked up a transmission that changed human history.
1961年4月12日，位于现在的哈萨克斯坦的拜科努尔航天发射场接收到了一个改变了人类历史的信号。
I can see the clouds. I can see everything. It's beautiful! Spoken in a youthful Russian voice, those words came from a place no human had ever gone before.
“我能看到云，我能看到一切，太美了！”这句话出自一个年轻的俄罗斯声音，来自一个人类从未去过的地方。
Sat 327 km above the surface of the Earth, Yuri Gagarin had just become the first man to ever visit space.
在距离地球表面327公里的地方，尤里·加加林刚刚成为有史以来第一个进入太空的人。
Outside his window, our planet hung brilliant blue against the cold darkness of the universe.
在他的窗外，我们的星球在宇宙寒冷黑暗的衬托下呈现出灿烂的蓝色。
Thanks to this one Russian pilot, mankind would now have a whole new frontier to explore; a frontier we're still trying to tame six decades later.
多亏了这位俄罗斯飞行员，人类将有一个全新的领域等待我们去探索，一个60年后的今天的我们仍在努力攻克的领域。
Today, the name Yuri Gagarin remains world famous, up there right beside Neil Armstrong in terms of amazing firsts.
今天，尤里·加加林这个名字仍闻名于世，就其创造的“惊人的第一次”而言，就和尼尔·阿姆斯特朗一样雷鸣贯耳。
But who really was this Soviet spaceman, and how did he come to be sitting in that capsule?
但这位苏联宇航员到底是谁？他是怎么坐在太空舱里的？
Born into a poor peasant family on the eve of WWII, Gagarin could've easily never amounted to much.
加加林出生在二战前夕的一个贫穷的农民家庭，他可能永远都不会有什么成就。
But thanks to the sheer force of his talent, he wound up changing history.
但多亏了他的天赋，使得他最终改变了历史。
In the video today, Biographics is strapping into its Soyuz and aiming for the stars, as we uncover the life of the very first spaceman.
在今天的视频中，我们将搭载联盟号飞船，瞄准恒星，揭开第一个宇航员的生活。
If you were picking a time and place in which to be born, 1934 and Klushino would probably be far down your list.
如果要你选择一个出生的时间和地点，1934年和“克卢申诺村”可能会在你的名单上排得很靠后。
That's because Klushino is a poor village in western Russia.
这是因为克卢申诺村是俄罗斯西部的一个贫穷村庄。
The sort of place where hens roam the streets and living in a weathered wooden shack is practically a luxury.
在那种母鸡在街上游荡的地方，能够住在一个风化的木棚子里都是一种奢侈。
But it's also because Klushino at this particular point in time was undergoing a painful decade.
克卢申诺村曾在某个特定的时间点经历了痛苦的十年。
In 1934, the Soviet countryside was already in the throes of a Stalinist agricultural shakeup that resulted in a whole ton of poverty and famine.
1934年，苏联农村已经处于斯大林式农业变革的阵痛之中，出现了大量的贫困和饥荒。
In just a few years, it would be shaken up even harder, when Nazi Germany invaded.
几年后，当纳粹德国入侵时那里受到了更大的冲击。
But we're getting ahead of ourselves.
这些我们就不需要知道了。
For now, just know that when Yuri Gagarin was born in Klushino on March 9, 1934, it wasn't into circumstances that screamed "hey, isn't this great!"
我们只需要知道当尤里·加加林于1934年3月9日出生在克卢申诺村时他并没有叫嚷着“嘿，这环境太棒了！”
The third of four children, Gagarin was the son of a carpenter and a milkmaid, both of whom worked on the nearby collective farm.
加加林在家里的四个孩子里排行老三，父亲是木匠，母亲是挤奶女工，他们都在附近的集体农场里工作。
This being Soviet Russia, that meant doing backbreaking work for a pittance while wallowing in poverty.
这是在苏联，意味着他们生活在贫困之中，为微薄的收入做着繁重的工作。
It's been suggested the reason Gagarin never grew beyond 157 cm - or 5ft 2 in old money - was down to childhood malnutrition.
加加林的身高没有超过157cm可能就是因为儿童时期营养不良。
Yet, despite this unpromising start, the boy Yuri seems to have been relatively content.
然而，尽管人生的起点并不乐观，但男孩尤里相对来说还算满足。
One feature everyone who encountered him seems to remember is that he was always smiling.
每个见过他的人都记得他那张总是面带微笑的脸。
A big, open smile that would one day win him friends across the globe.
一个开朗的笑容有一天会为他赢得世界各地的朋友。
But first the boy would have to survive a period in which there was very little to smile about.
但首先，这个男孩必须熬过一段“没有什么值得微笑”的时期。
On June 22, 1941, when Gagarin was only 7, Nazi Germany launched a surprise invasion of the Soviet Union.
1941年6月22日，当时加加林只有7岁，纳粹德国突然入侵苏联。
For the first couple of years of WWII, Hitler and Stalin had been allies.
在第二次世界大战的头几年里，希特勒和斯大林还是盟友。
But now, as Panzer tanks rolled across the flat grasslands of Ukraine, Belarus, and Russia, all the hatred between the two came bubbling out.
但现在，当坦克驶过乌克兰、白俄罗斯和俄罗斯平坦的草原时，两国之间所有的仇恨都冒了出来。
When the German frontlines reached Klushino, the Nazis threw the Gagarin family out their home, forcing them to build a mud hut a mere 3 meters square to live in.
当德国的前线到达克卢申诺村时，纳粹将加加林一家扫地出门，迫使他们只能垒一个仅有3平方米的泥屋用来居住。
Gagarin's two older siblings were arrested and sent as slave labor to camps in Poland.
加加林的两个哥哥被捕并被送到波兰的集中营做苦工。
When Gagarin and his younger brother Boris were caught trying to sabotage German vehicles by sticking potatoes up their tailpipes, an enraged soldier tried to hang Boris from an apple tree.
当加加林和他的弟弟鲍里斯想把土豆插进德国汽车的排气管里搞破坏时，一名愤怒的士兵试图将鲍里斯吊死在苹果树上。
It was only when Gagarin's parents begged on their knees for their five year old son's life that the Nazis relented.
后来直到加加林的父母为他们五岁的儿子下跪乞求时，纳粹的态度这才软了下来。
Yet even amid the apocalyptic horrors of life on the eastern front, Gagarin still managed to find inspiration.
然而，即使生活在东线战场那如世界末日般的恐怖里，加加林仍设法找到了灵感。
One clear day, a pair of German Messerschmitts were engaged by two Soviet Yaks in a dogfight high above Klushino.
在一个晴朗的日子里，两架德国梅塞施米特式战斗机与两架苏联雅克战斗机在克卢申诺村的上空展开了一场混战。
One Nazi plane was destroyed in the fight, while one of the Yaks was shot down.
一架纳粹飞机在混战中被摧毁，一架雅克也被击落。
Like the rest of the villagers, 7-year old Gagarin rushed to help the downed Soviet airman.
7岁的加加林和其他村民一样冲过去帮助被击落的苏联飞行员。
But when he reached him, the boy couldn't move. Couldn't do anything but stare at this impossible man who'd fallen out the sky.
但当男孩走到飞行员身旁时他却不动了，他什么都做不了，只能盯着眼前这个从天而降的不可思议的人。
