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On the same day, an American soldier stationed in France wrote to his mother, reassuring her that the situation where he was stationed was not as bad as it was at another base, Camp Sherman.
同一天，驻扎在法国的一名美军士兵写信给他的母亲，安慰她说他们基地的情况不像另一个基地谢尔曼营那么糟糕。
He also mentioned that "The French people have a way of treating (the flu), they make some kind of tea of some kind of leaves...."
他还提到“法国人有一种治疗(流感)的方法，他们用某种叶子泡茶……”。
Unfortunately, he did not provide the recipe.
不幸的是，他没有把配方说出来。
Another series of letters from an American private provides a good example of acquired immunity.
另一组来自美国士兵的信件是“获取免疫力”的一个很好的例子。
Martin Aloysius Culhane, known as 'Al', was stationed at Camp Forrest, Georgia, form where he wrote to his brother and to his best friend.
马丁·阿洛伊修斯·库尔汉，人称“阿尔”，驻扎在乔治亚州的福雷斯特营，他就在那里给他的兄弟和最好的朋友写信。
While he mourned the death of his 'bunkie', Thomas, he was in relative high spirit: he had survived the Great pandemic, not once, but twice!
当他为他的“床友(特此强调:睡同一张床)”托马斯的死而哀悼时，他的精神相当振奋：他在疫情中幸存了下来，不止一次，而是两次！
"I am still in quarantine but will be released today. I am feeling great and the two day's rest has done me a world of good"
“我还在隔离中，不过今天就出来了。我感觉良好，这两天的休息对我很有帮助。”
His main concern was that while in quarantine he had been "neglecting the ladies".
他主要担心的是，在隔离期间，他“冷落了女士们”。
So he asked his friend Cliff to check on Ursula, Ella, Ida, Mary Rose, Mary English and Mary Anne.
所以他让朋友克里夫去看看厄休拉、艾拉、艾达、玛丽·罗斯、玛丽·英格利希和玛丽·安妮怎么样了。
So, was 'Al' simply lucky, in love and in health?
所以，“阿尔”仅仅是运气好吗？爱情和健康顶呱呱？
There is strong evidence suggesting that exposure to previous waves of the Spanish flu could generate acquired immunity in those who had been infected, but had survived.
有强有力的证据表明，接触过之前几波西班牙流感的人可能会产生获得性免疫，所以他们幸存了下来。
A research led by Dr JM Barry from Tulane and Xavier Universities, Louisiana, highlighted how the First Wave of the Spanish Flu was characterized by a high number of cases, but had a lower fatality rate than the Second Wave.
来自路易斯安那州杜兰大学和泽维尔大学的JM·巴利博士领导的一项研究强调，西班牙流感第一波的特点是病例数量高，但死亡率低于第二波。
By looking at medical records of US soldiers, he estimated that the fatality rate during the lethal Autumn sweep was 4.7%.
通过查看美军士兵的医疗记录，他估计在致命的秋季横扫期间，死亡率为4.7%。
In the Spring, it had been only 1.1%.
而春季这一比例仅为1.1%。
However, the deadly barrage of the Second Wave had largely spared those who had been previously exposed in the Spring!
然而，第二波疫情的致命炮火在很大程度上挽救了那些曾在春天感染过的人！
The case of Camp Dodge illustrates this perfectly: Here, one regiment of troops had experienced the First Wave, while another regiment had escaped it.
道奇营的例子很好地证明了这一点：一个团的部队经历了第一波疫情，而另一个团逃过一劫。
Among those exposed in the Spring, only 6.6% became sick with flu in the Autumn.
在春季接触流感的人中，只有6.6%在秋季感染了。
In contrast, among the troops not exposed in the spring, a staggering 48.5% fell ill during the Second Wave!
相比之下，春季未暴露在疫情之下的部队中，有惊人的48.5%的人在第二波疫情中生病了！
Now, the witness accounts and the research mentioned so far may refer to America or Europe, but this should not give the impression that other continents were spared.
目前所提及的相关人员的陈述和研究可能都在美国或欧洲，不过并不是说其他大陆幸免于难了。
Let's go back to September 1918. This is when Indian troops who had served on the Western front returned home.
咱们回到1918年9月，也是曾在西线服役的印度军队回国的时候。
The first outbreak took place in Bombay, where mortality rate was more than 5% of all population.
第一次疫情发生在孟买，那里的死亡率超过了总人口的5%。
The Spanish Lady had now access to access to a huge new territory, densely populated, serviced by a large railway network.
西班牙夫人现在可以进入一个巨大的新的领土，那里人口密集，而且有一个庞大的铁路网。
The perfect storm, in other words.
换句话说，那里就是完美风暴。
In just a month, the flu had spread to Sri Lanka and to the Northern provinces, reaping an estimated 14 to 18 Million lives, the highest death toll recorded in a single country.
在短短一个月内，流感已经蔓延到了斯里兰卡和北部省份，造成约1400万至1800万人死亡，是有记录的单个国家中死亡人数最高的。
Also in September, a troop transport ship sailed off Bombay to Mombasa, Kenya.
同样在9月，一艘运兵船从孟买驶往肯尼亚的蒙巴萨。
Of course, the virus was a stow away.
当然，病毒是偷偷藏起来的。
The infection spread to members of the Kenyan Carrier Corps, who were just about to be demobilised.
感染扩散到肯尼亚航空兵团的成员，而他们即将被遣散。
As they returned home, they carried the contagion inland, adding to the death toll caused by the other two major African outbreaks, originating in Sierra Leone and South Africa.
当他们返回家乡时，他们把病毒带到了内陆，增加了非洲其他两起主要疫情造成的死亡人数，这两起疫情分别源自塞拉利昂和南非。
Most of Africa had been spared the First Wave, meaning that the Autumn burst had cruelly scorched through the continent: towns like Kimberley, Addis Ababa, and Windhoek lost over 4 percent of their populations to flu.
非洲大部分地区躲过了第一波流感，这意味着秋天疫情的爆发将残酷地灼烧整个大陆：金伯利、亚的斯亚贝巴和温得和克等城镇有超过4%的人口死于流感。
The bulk of the victims were aged between 18 and 40: so, the effect on society was disastrous in terms of loss of labour, reproductive capacity, and family structures.
大多数受害者的年龄在18岁到40岁之间：因此，从劳动力、生育能力和家庭结构的损失来看，这对社会的影响是灾难性的。
It was a sudden demographic, social and economic catastrophe without precedent.
这是一场前所未有的突如其来的人口、社会和经济灾难。
Back in India, by November the rate of contagion had largely subsided.
咱们再回到印度，到11月，传染率已大大降低。
It is speculated that this was due to the onset of the monsoon season, as humid climates are not favourable to flu viruses.
据推测，原因是季风季节的开始，因为潮湿的气候不利于流感病毒的传播。
The march of the invisible tyrant, nonetheless, continued eastwards, reaching China.
然而，这个无形的暴君继续向东行进，到达了中国。
Until now, the majority of the victims worldwide had been aged 15 to 34, an age bracket unusual for influenza pandemics.
目前为止，世界范围内的大多数患者年龄在15至34岁之间，而这一年龄段并不是大多数流感大流行感染的主要目标。
We'll find out later why this group was particularly targeted.
稍后我们会讲讲为什么这一年龄段会成为攻击目标。
In China, the Second Wave preyed on an even younger cohort, children aged 11 to 15.
在中国，“第二波疫情”吞噬了年龄更小的群体——11至15岁的儿童。
Overall, however, the mortality rate here was much lower compared to India and other Countries.
然而，总的来说，中国的死亡率比印度和其他国家要低得多。
Researchers from the Hong Kong Institute of Chinese Medicine theorize that traditional Chinese medicine may have played a part.
香港中医研究所的研究人员认为，中医可能起到了一定作用。
Remedies put in place by local government included spraying houses with limewater, or burning rhubarb and root stalks of the Atractylodes flower to disinfect the air.
当地政府采取的补救措施包括用石灰水喷洒房屋，或者燃烧大黄和白术花的根茎来对空气进行消毒。
For prevention, villagers were advised to drink mung bean soup and rock sugar.
建议村民喝绿豆汤和冰糖来预防感染。
