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NASAL POLYP
鼻息肉
What is a Nasal Polyp?
什么是鼻息肉？
Nasal Polyp are fleshy swellings that develop in the lining mucosa of the noseand paranasal sinuses, air-filled spaces, linked to the nasal cavity.
鼻息肉是在与鼻腔相连的鼻腔和鼻窦（充满空气的间隙）的内壁黏膜中增生的肉质肿胀。
They are non-cancerous growths.
它们是非癌性增生。
What causes Nasal Polyp?
什么会导致鼻息肉？
The mucosa is a very wet layer that helps protect the inside of your nose and sinusesand humidifies the air you breathe.
鼻黏膜表面非常湿润，有助于保护你的鼻子和鼻窦的内侧，并使你呼吸的空气变得湿润。
During an infectionor allergy-induced irritation, the nasal mucosa becomes swollen and red.
在感染或过敏引起的刺激期间，鼻黏膜会变得肿胀和发红。
With prolonged irritation, the mucosa may form a polyp.
如果长时间受到刺激，黏膜可能会形成息肉。
A polyp is a round growth, like a small cyst, that can block nasal passages.
息肉是一种圆形的增生物，像一个小囊肿，会阻塞鼻腔通道。
Although some people can develop polyps with no previous nasal problems, there’s often a trigger for developing polyps.
虽然有些人在没有鼻部问题的情况下也可能患上息肉，但息肉的发生往往是有诱因的。
These triggers include: A. Chronic or recurring sinus infections. B. Asthma. C. Allergic rhinitis.
这些触发因素包括：慢性或复发性鼻窦感染、哮喘、过敏性鼻炎。
What are the symptoms of Nasal Polyp?
鼻息肉有什么症状？
Polyps can grow large enough to block your nasal passages, resulting in chronic congestion.
息肉可以长到足够大，会阻塞鼻腔通道，导致慢性堵塞。
Symptoms can include: 1) Nasal congestion: a sensation that your nose is blocked.
症状可能包括：1）鼻塞：感觉你的鼻子被堵住了。
2) Runny nose. 3) Postnasal drip, which is when excess mucus runs down the back of your throat.
2）流鼻涕；3）后鼻滴涕也就是过多的粘液顺着喉咙后部流下。
4) Reduced sense of smell, 5) Breathing through your mouth, 6) A feeling of pressure in your forehead or face.
4）嗅觉减弱；5）口呼吸；6）前额或面部有压迫感。
What are the Major Types of Nasal Polyp?
鼻息肉的主要类型是什么？
There are two major types of nasal polyp.
鼻息肉有两种主要类型。
1) Antrochoanal: Single, unilateral, originate from maxillary sinus.
1）鼻窦：单侧，发自上颌窦。
Usually found in children. Infections is the common cause.
常见于儿童。通常是感染引起的。
2) Ethmoidal: Bilateral, originate from ethmoid sinuses.
2）筛窦：双侧，起源于筛窦。
Usually found in adults. Allergy is the common cause.
常见于成人。通常是过敏引起的。
How are Nasal Polyps diagnosed?
如何诊断鼻息肉？
A doctor will generally be able to make a diagnosis after asking about symptoms and examining the patient's nose.
医生通常可以在询问症状并检查病人的鼻子后做出诊断。
The doctor may also order the following tests:- Nasal endoscopy. A narrow tube with a small camerais inserted into the patient's nose.
医生还可以安排以下检查：鼻内窥镜检查，将带有小摄像机的窄管插入患者的鼻子。
- CT Scan. This enables the doctorto locate nasal polyps and other abnormalities linked to chronic inflammation.
CT扫描，可以帮助医生定位鼻息肉和其他与慢性炎症有关的异常情况。
The doctor will also be able to identify any other obstructions.
还可以识别任何其他的鼻内阻塞。
What is the treatment for nasal polyps?
鼻息肉的治疗方法是什么？
The following treatments are commonly used for nasal polyps.
以下是治疗鼻息肉的常用方法。
1) Steroids. The doctor may prescribe a steroid spray or nose drops, which will shrink the polypsby reducing inflammation.
1）类固醇试剂治疗。医生可能会开类固醇喷雾剂或滴鼻剂，通过减少炎症来缩小息肉。
2) Steroid tablets. In cases of larger polypsor more severe inflammation, the patient may be prescribed steroid tablets.
2）类固醇片剂治疗。在炎症较大、炎症较重的情况下，可给患者开类固醇片剂。
3) Other medications. Other medications may be given to treat conditions that are making the inflammation worse.
3）其他药物治疗。其他药物治疗炎症恶化的情况。
Examples include antihistamines for allergies, antibiotics for bacterial infections, and antifungal drugs for fungal allergies.
例如抗组胺剂治疗过敏，抗生素治疗细菌感染，抗真菌药物治疗真菌过敏。
4) Surgery Polypectomy. This is the most common procedure for the removal of polyps.
4）鼻息肉切除术。这是最常见的息肉切除手术。
The patient is given general anesthesia.
病人被施以全身麻醉。
A long, thin tube with a video camera is inserted into the patient's nose and sinuses.
一根带有摄像机的细长管子插入病人的鼻子和鼻窦。
Polyps are then cut out using micro-telescope to visualize it and surgical instruments to cut it.
通过显微望远镜可视化，用手术器械将其切开，并摘除息肉。
After surgery, the patient will most likely be prescribeda corticosteroid nasal sprayto help prevent recurrence.
手术后，通常情况下，患者要用类固醇鼻腔喷雾剂，防止复发。
