评论
打印
The course of the facial nerve can be divided into two parts:
面神经的走向可分为两部分：
1) Intracranial: the course of the nerve through the cranial cavity and the cranium itself.
1）颅内：这条神经穿过颅腔和颅骨。
2) Extracranial: the course of the nerve outside the cranium, through the face and neck.
2）颅外神经：颅外神经经过面部和颈部。
INTRACRANIAL
颅内分支
The nerve arises in the pons, an area of the brainstem.
神经始于脑干的一个区域——脑桥。
It begins as two roots: a large motor root and a small sensory root.
面神经分为两支：一是较大的运动支，一是较小的感觉支。
The part of the facial nerve that arises from the sensory root is sometimes known as the intermediate nerve.
面神经起源于感觉支的部分有时被称为中间神经。
The two roots travel through the internal acoustic meatus, a 1 cm long opening in the petrous part of the temporal bone.
两支神经穿过内耳道，在颞骨的岩部有一个1厘米长的开口。
Here, they are in very close proximity to the inner ear.
在这里，它们非常靠近内耳。
Still within the temporal bone, the roots leave the internal acoustic meatus and enter into the facial canal.
走行于颞骨内，由内耳道底进人面神经管。
The canal is a Z-shaped structure.
形状是一个Z形结构。
Within the facial canal, three important events occur.
关于面神经管，有三个重点。
Firstly, the two roots fuse to form the facial nerve.
首先，面神经分为两支。
Next, the nerve forms the geniculate ganglion.
第二，呈膝状神经节。
A ganglion is a collection of nerve cell bodies.
神经节是神经细胞体的集合。
Lastly, the nerve gives rise to
最后，神经产生
1) Greater petrosal nerve, which then supplies parasympathetic fibres to mucous glands and lacrimal gland.
1）岩大神经，含副交感分泌纤维，支配粘液腺和泪腺的腺体分泌。
2) Nerve to stapedius, which then supplies motor fibres to stapedius muscle of the middle ear.
2）镫骨肌神经，为中耳镫骨肌提供运动纤维。
3) Chorda tympani, which then supplies special sensory fibres to the anterior 2/3 tongue and parasympathetic fibres to the submandibular and sublingual glands.
3）鼓索，传导舌前2/3的味觉及支配下颌下腺和舌下腺的分泌。
The facial nerve then exits the facial canal and the cranium via the stylomastoid foramen.
然后面神经通过茎乳孔离开面管和颅骨。
This is an exit located just posterior to the styloid process of the temporal bone.
这是一个位于颞骨茎突正后方的出口。
EXTRACRANIAL
颅外分支
After exiting the skull, the first extracranial branch to arise is the posterior auricular nerve.
离开颅骨后，首先出现的颅外分支是耳后神经。
It provides motor innervation to some of the muscles around the ear.
它为耳朵周围的一些肌肉提供运动神经。
Immediately distal to this, motor branches are sent to the posterior belly of the digastric muscle and to the stylohyoid muscle.
紧接在此远端，运动支被送到二腹肌的后腹和茎突舌骨肌。
The main trunk of the nerve, now termed the motor root of the facial nerve, continues anteriorly and inferiorly into the parotid gland.
神经的主干，现在被称为面神经的运动根，向前和向下延伸到腮腺。
Within the parotid gland, the nerve terminates by splitting into five branches:
在腮腺内，面神经分为五组分支：
- Temporal branch, which supplies Temporalis muscle on face.
-颞支，它供应面部的颞肌。
- Zygomatic branch, which supplies the Zygomatic Arch.
-颧弓分支，支配颧弓。
- Buccal branch, which supplies the Buccal region.
-颊支，支配颊区。
- Marginal mandibular branch, supplies the mandibular region.
-下颌缘支，支配下颌区。
- Cervical branch, supplies cervical region.
-颈部分支，支配颈部。
These branches are responsible for innervating the muscles of facial expression.
这些分支负责支配面部表情的肌肉。
