评论
打印
What is Chalazion?
什么是睑板腺囊肿？
Before we answer that question, we should talk little bit about anatomy.
在回答这个问题之前，我们应该先谈谈解剖学。
Structural support to our eye lids is provided by dense plates of connective tissues called tarsal plates.
我们眼睑的结构支撑是由睑板致密的结缔组织板提供的。
Each tarsal plate has vertically placed oil producing sebaceous glands called Meibomian glands in them, 25 in the upper and 20 in the lower tarsal plate.
每个睑板上都垂直放置着产生油脂的皮脂腺，称为睑板腺，上睑板有25个，下睑板有20个。
Meibomian glands secrete meibum, an oily substance that prevents evaporation of the eye's tear film.
睑板腺分泌油脂，这是一种防止泪膜蒸发的油性物质。
If these Meibomian gland orifices at the lid margin become plugged or blocked, the contents of the glands (meibum) start getting released into the tarsal plate and surrounding eyelid soft tissue causing an inflammatory reaction.
如果眼睑边缘的这些睑板腺分泌口被堵塞，腺体的分泌物开始释放到睑板和周围的眼睑软组织中，引起炎症反应。
It is also called lipogranuloma because the retained lipid secretions are causing aggregation of certain cells, causing this granulomatous inflammation and it is sterile inflammation as there are no micro-organisms causing infection.
它也被称为脂肪肉芽肿，因为滞留的脂质分泌物引起某些细胞的聚集，导致这种肉芽肿炎症，而且它是无菌炎症，因为没有引起感染的微生物。
Sign and Symptoms
临床表现
It can be either chronic in which the patient will present with gradually enlarging, painless swelling of the eyelids, or acute in which a sudden painful swelling of the eyelid will be there.
有时是慢性的，患者会出现眼睑逐渐扩大的无痛性肿胀，也可能是急性的，突然出现疼痛性的眼睑肿胀。
On examination, a visible or palpable, well defined subcutaneous nodule in the eyelids will be present that may or may not be tender.
检查后，眼睑皮下可触及边界清楚的圆形肿块，可能有触痛，也可能没有。
Bulging thickened secretions may be present at the orifice of the involved gland.
受累腺体的开口处可出现肿胀、分泌物增加。
Treatment is mostly conservative as one third of the lesions resolve spontaneously so simple observation is enough, especially if the lesion is showing signs of improvement.
大多可采用保守治疗，因为三分之一的病变会自动消失，所以简单的观察就足够了，特别是当病变显示出改善的迹象时，只需观察。
Hot compresses with massage 4 to 5 times daily also helps in its resolution.
每天热敷并按摩4到5次有助于消除囊肿。
Oral antibiotics are required for significant bacterial infection but not for sterile inflammation.
严重细菌感染需要口服抗生素，但无菌炎症不需要。
Steroid injection is also used especially in the lesions near lid margin or the lacrimal system.
类固醇注射也用于眼睑边缘或泪腺系统的病变。
Surgery
手术
For persistent lesions that are not resolving spontaneously, surgery is done.
对于不能自行愈合的持续性病变，需要手术治疗。
