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What is Vertigo?
什么是眩晕症？
Vertigo is a sense of rotation, rocking, or the world spinning, experienced even when someone is perfectly still.
眩晕是一种旋转、摇摆或世界旋转的感觉，即使人完全静止时也会有这种感觉。
What is the Physiology of Balance?
什么是生理平衡？
The human balance system works with our visual and skeletal systems to maintain orientation or balance.
人体平衡系统与我们的视觉和骨骼系统一起工作，保持方向或平衡。
Visual signals are sent to the human brain about the body's position in relation to its surroundings.
关于身体相对于周围环境的位置的视觉信号被发送到人脑。
These signals are processed by the brain, and compared to information from the vestibular, visual and skeletal systems.
这些信号由大脑处理，并与来自前庭、视觉和骨骼系统的信息进行比较。
Our brain receives inputs from our eyes, muscles, joints and vestibular system in our ears, then it process these nerve impulses so that it can give the person a correct perception of the environment.
我们的大脑从我们的眼睛、肌肉、关节和耳朵的前庭系统接受信息，然后它处理这些神经冲动，这样它就可以给人一个正确的环境感知。
Our ears contain special parts like the saccule, utricle and three semicircular canals which are all part of the vestibular apparatus.
我们的耳朵包含几个特殊的部分，如球囊、椭圆囊和三个半规管，它们都是前庭器官的一部分。
The purpose of vestibular apparatus is to provide the brain the correct perception of equilibrium (balance), spatial orientation and motion.
前庭的作用是为大脑提供关于平衡、空间方向和运动的正确感知。
The parts that are responsible for vertical orientation are the saccule and utricle.
负责垂直方向的部分是球囊和椭圆囊。
The rotational movement is detected by the semicircular canals that contain fluid known as endolymph.
旋转运动是由含有内淋巴液体的半规管探测到的，半规管含有被称为内淋巴的液体。
The endolymph moves and triggers the sensory receptors within the canal which sends nerve impulses to the brain regarding the movement.
内淋巴移动并触发管道内的感官感受器，感官感受器向大脑发送关于运动的神经脉冲。
Impulses from both canals of the side of the head would normally send symmetrical impulses in order for the brain to interpret the impulses properly.
来自头部两侧管道的脉冲通常会发出对称的脉冲，以便大脑正确解读这些脉冲。
Types of Vertigo
眩晕症的类型
There are two possible causes of vertigo: peripheral vertigo and central vertigo.
眩晕有两个可能的原因：周围性眩晕和中枢性眩晕。
Peripheral Vertigo
周围性眩晕
Peripheral vertigo refers to the disorders that involve disturbances in the inner ear.
周围性眩晕是指涉及内耳紊乱的疾病。
The common disorders that may affect the inner ear thereby causing the person to experience dizziness or vertigo include:
可能影响内耳从而导致头晕或眩晕的常见疾病包括：
- Vestibular Neuritis: Inflammation of the vestibular nerve which is responsible for taking the nerve impulses from the semicircular canals in the inner ear to the brain.
-前庭神经炎：前庭神经的炎症，负责将神经脉冲从内耳的半规管输送到大脑。
- Labyrinthitis: Inflammation of the labyrinth which is also in the inner ear and most of the time may also involve the vestibular nerve.
-迷路炎：迷路的炎症也在内耳，大多数时候也可能累及前庭神经。
Both of these disorders are usually caused by a viral infection that may have reached the inner ear.
这两种疾病通常是由可能到达内耳的病毒感染引起的。
Other causes include: - Meniere's Disease.
其他原因包括：-梅尼埃病。
This occurs due to increased fluid in inner ear.
这是由于内耳积液增加造成的。
- Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo or BPPV.
-良性阵发性位置性眩晕或BPPV。
This result from the movement of the otolith, which is a very small particle made of calcium inside the ear.
这是耳石运动的结果，耳石是耳朵内一种非常小的钙颗粒。
The otolith organs detect the movement of your head and its relation to gravity.
耳石器官检测你头部的运动及其与重力的关系。
For some reason, the otolith can be dislodged and move into the semicircular canals and affect the movement of the fluid inside, thereby causing it to send irregular nerve impulses to the brain, making the person get dizzy.
由于某种原因，耳石可能会移位进入半规管，影响内部液体的运动，从而使其向大脑发送不规则的神经冲动，使人头晕。
