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How to treat BPPV?
如何治疗BPPV？
The most common and effective treatment for BPPV is known as the canalith repositioning procedure.
BPPV最常见和有效的治疗方法是管复位手术。
The procedure consists of several simple and slow maneuvers for positioning your head.
这个过程需要几个简单而缓慢的头部定位动作。
The aim is to move the particles from the semicircular canal to the utricle where they don't pose a problem.
目的是将粒子从半规管移动到椭圆囊，在那里它们不会造成问题。
Each position is held for around 30 seconds after which any symptoms or abnormal eye movements stop.
每个姿势大约保持30秒，之后任何症状或异常眼球运动都会停止。
This procedure is more widely known as Epley's Maneuver.
这个方法更广为人知的名字是埃普利手法。
Central Vertigo
中枢性眩晕
Central vertigo refers to the dizziness or vertigo that result from problem in the brain.
中枢性眩晕指的是由于大脑问题引起的眩晕。
The area of the brain that is usually affected is the brainstem or cerebellum.
通常受影响的大脑区域是脑干或小脑。
How to Diagnose Vertigo?
如何诊断眩晕？
Vertigo can be diagnosed based on:
眩晕的诊断依据：
1) Clinical history and symptoms being told by patient.
1）临床病史和患者讲述的症状。
2) Blood tests to check for presence of infection.
2）验血检查是否有感染。
3) Romberg test
3）闭目直立检查法
The doctor will have you stand with your eyes open and feet together, then maintain your balance while your eyes are closed.
医生会让你睁开眼睛双脚并拢站立，然后在闭上眼睛的时候保持平衡。
4) Vestibular testing
4）前庭测试
To check for any involuntary movements of the eyes (nystagmus).
检查眼球是否有任何不自主运动（眼球震颤）。
5) Fukuda-Unterberger test.
5）闭目踏步试验。
In this test, the patient will have to close the eyes and march in place while trying not to lean to the side.
在这项测试中，患者必须闭上眼睛原地踏步，同时尽量不向一侧倾斜。
In some instances, the doctor will require you to undergo diagnostic imaging tests like CT-Scan or MRI to rule out central causes of vertigo or any tumor presence.
在某些情况下，医生会要求你进行CT扫描或MRI等诊断性成像测试，以排除眩晕或任何肿瘤的主要原因。
What is the medical treatment?
有哪些药物治疗方法？
Treatment of vertigo depends on the causative factor.
眩晕症的治疗取决于致病因素。
Peripheral vertigo can be treated by bed rest, avoiding sudden position changes and use of Vestibular Blocking Agents or VBAs.
周围性眩晕可以通过卧床休息、避免突然体位改变和使用前庭阻滞剂或vba治疗。
These medications helps relieve the inflammation in the inner ear, relaxes the muscles and prevent other symptoms associated with vertigo like nausea and vomiting.
这些药物有助于缓解内耳的炎症，放松肌肉，并防止与眩晕相关的其他症状，如恶心和呕吐。
What is the surgical treatment?
有哪些手术治疗方法？
Surgery can also be another treatment options, especially for persons with Meniere’s disease who are suffering from intense and frequent vertigo attacks.
手术也是一种治疗选择，特别是对患有梅尼埃病的人来说，他们正在遭受强烈而频繁的眩晕发作。
- Endolymphatic sac procedures
内淋巴囊手术
This involves the decompression of the endolymphatic sacs by removing a tiny part of the bone to allow better fluid absorption or decrease fluid production.
-内淋巴囊手术通过切除骨骼的一小部分来减压内淋巴囊，以便更好地吸收液体或减少液体产生。
A shunt may also be put in place to facilitate fluid drainage from the inner ear.
也可以放置分流管促进内耳液体的排出。
- Labyrinthectomy
迷路切除术
The removal of both the hearing and balance organs of the ear.
-摘除耳朵的听觉器官和平衡器官。
This is only done when the patient’s affected ear already has total hearing loss.
只有当患者的受损耳朵已经完全丧失听力时，才会这样做。
- Vestibular nerve section
前庭神经切开术
This procedure is done by cutting the vestibular nerve which is the movement and balance sensors in the inner ear.
这个过程是通过切断前庭神经来完成的，前庭神经是内耳的运动和平衡传感器。
This can help relieve vertigo attacks and at the same time prevent hearing loss.
可以帮助缓解眩晕，同时防止听力损失。
Prognosis
预防
Most of the symptoms associated with peripheral types of vertigo usually resolve on its own within a short period of time.
周围型眩晕大部分症状通常在短时间内自行消失。
Otherwise, you need to see a doctor to make a treatment plan.
否则，你需要去看医生来制定治疗计划。
