评论
打印
We're more rivalrous than we like to believe.
我们比自己想象中更喜欢竞争。
Human beings tend towards rivalry.
人类倾向于争斗。
There's a reason why there's five stories of sibling rivalry in the book of Genesis alone, and almost every other culture in the world also has stories of sibling rivalry.
仅在《创世纪》一书中就有五个兄弟姐妹竞争的故事，而且世界上几乎所有其他文化也都有兄弟姐妹之间竞争的故事，这都是有原因的。
It seems that there is some principle of rivalry that has been with us since the beginning of time.
似乎有一些竞争的原则自古以来一直伴随着我们。
You broke my heart.
你伤了我的心。
We take delight in seeing somebody else fail.
我们以看到别人的失败为乐。
Long live the king.
王者永存。
And that's something I think we should all be hyper aware of, because envy always leads to misery.
这是我认为我们都应该高度注意的事情，因为嫉妒总是导致痛苦。
I'm Luke Burgis, founder of Fourth Wall Ventures and author of the book "Wanting: The Power of Mimetic Desire in Everyday Life."
我是卢克-伯吉斯，第四墙风险投资公司的创始人，《渴望：日常生活中模仿性欲望的力量》 一书的作者。
So in my mid twenties, I noticed this strange paradox, if nobody else wanted the thing that I wanted, I began to question whether that thing was "wantable" or not, whether it was desirable.
在我20多岁的时候，我注意到了这个奇怪的悖论，如果没有人想要我想要的东西，我就开始怀疑这个东西是否 “可欲”，是否可取。
I noticed it in dating, in business, even in the choices of food that I would order in restaurants.
我注意到，在约会中，在商业中，甚至在我在餐馆点餐的选择中，我都注意到了这一点。
There was this strange mystery of desire that I hadn't put my finger on.
有这种奇怪的欲望之谜，我还没来得及将它表达出来。
So I spent some time reading and reflecting and stumbled on the ideas of the great French thinker, René Girard.
我花了一些时间阅读和思考，我偶然发现了伟大的法国思想家勒内-吉拉德的观点。
Girard said that man is the creature that doesn't know what to desire.
吉拉德说，人是一种不知道该渴望什么的生物。
So we look to models, people that help show us what is worth wanting.
所以我们寻找模仿的对象，他们能向我们展示什么是我们值得渴望的。
In other words, desire is mimetic.
换句话说，欲望是可模仿的。
Mimetic desire means that we're adopting another person's desire as our own.
模仿性的欲望意味着我们把另一个人的欲望作为我们自己的欲望。
Usually without even realizing that we're doing it.
通常，我们甚至没有意识到我们正在这样做。
That creates real problems because we're now inherently competing for the same thing.
这就造成了真正的问题，因为我们现在本质上是在竞争同样的东西。
So we have a scarcity mindset, and mimetic desire leads quite naturally to viewing the person that's modeling the desire for that object as a rival or as an obstacle to us getting what we want.
因此，我们有一种稀缺的心态，而模仿性欲望很自然地导致我们将把拥有此欲望的人视为对手，或视为我们获得所需的障碍。
But when I speak of rivalry, I don't always mean in the negative sense, and neither did Girard.
但当我谈到竞争时，我并不总是指消极意义上的竞争，吉拉德的观点也是如此。
Rivalries can be a very positive thing.
竞争可以有非常积极的一面。
We had been rivals, we hated each other.
我们曾是对手，我们彼此憎恨。
And so, Larry Bird made me a better player, and I think I made him a better player and together we made the NBA better.
拉里-伯德使我成为更好的球员，我想我也使他成为更好的球员，我们一起使NBA变得更好。
They can get the best out of us when we have professional rivalries.
当我们有职业竞争对手的时候，对手可以从我们身上学到最好的东西。
This might be a time for me to tell the story of Lamborghini and Ferrari.
我想讲述一下兰博基尼和法拉利的故事。
I'm not sure if we have time for that or not.
不知道时间是不是够用哈。
Ferruccio Lamborghini was a very successful tractor manufacturer in Italy.
费鲁吉欧-兰博基尼是意大利一个非常成功的拖拉机制造商。
He owned a Ferrari and the clutch kept breaking and he went to Enzo Ferrari to complain about the clutch and eventually got into the car business because of a rivalry with Enzo Ferrari, and ended up making a beautiful, powerful sports car.
他拥有一辆法拉利，但离合器一直出问题，他去找恩佐-法拉利抱怨离合器的问题，最终因为与恩佐-法拉利的竞争他进入汽车行业，最后他制造出一辆漂亮、强大的跑车。
And their sales are better than they've ever been.
而且他们的销售情况比以往任何时候都好。
So rivalry can push us to do things that we may have not done to innovate, to create things, but rivalry can also turn negative when we cross a certain boundary.
因此，竞争可以推动我们去做我们可能没有做过的事情，去创新，去创造东西，但当我们越过某个界限时，竞争也可以变成负面的。
The problem with mimetic rivalry is that we begin to see others as enemies.
模仿性的竞争的问题是，我们开始将他人视为敌人。
