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ECTROPION
睑外翻
Ectropion comes from the greek word "ek", which means "out" and "trepein" which means to turn.
睑外翻来源于希腊语“ek”，意思是“出去”，“trepein”意思是“翻转”。
It is a condition in which eye lid is turned away from the eye ball.
这是一种眼睑从眼球上移开的情况。
ANATOMY
解剖学
The eye lids are two fibromuscular structures: outer layer containing skin, muscle as well as dense fibrous tissue and an inner transparent layer called conjunctiva that close in front of the eye ball, hence protecting it.
眼睑由两种纤维肌结构组成：外层包括皮肤、肌肉和密集的纤维组织，内层叫做结膜的透明层在眼球前面闭合，从而保护眼球。
Any pathology in these structures can cause failure of the eye lid to retain its normal position, resulting in Ectropion or eye lid being turned away from eye ball.
这些结构中的任何病理都可能导致眼睑不能保持其正常位置，导致眼外翻或眼睑偏离眼球。
CAUSES
原因
Ectropion can be caused by - Muscle weakness.
睑外翻可由肌肉无力引起。
As you age, the muscles under your eyes tend to weaken and tendons stretch out.
随着年龄的增长，你的眼睛下面的肌肉力量会变弱，肌腱会伸展。
These muscles and tendons hold your eyelid taut against your eye.
这些肌肉和肌腱使你的眼皮紧靠在你的眼睛上。
When they weaken, your eyelid can begin to droop.
当它们变弱时，你的眼皮就会开始下垂。
- Facial paralysis.
-面瘫。
Certain conditions, such as Bell's palsy and certain types of tumors can paralyze facial nerves and muscles.
某些情况，如贝尔氏麻痹和某些类型的肿瘤，会使面部神经和肌肉瘫痪。
Facial paralysis that affects eyelid muscles can lead to ectropion.
影响眼睑肌肉的面瘫会导致眼睑外翻。
- Scars or previous surgeries.
-疤痕或以前的手术。
Skin that has been damaged by burns or trauma, can affect the way that your eyelid rests against your eye.
因烧伤或创伤而受损的皮肤会影响眼皮靠在眼睛上的方式。
- Previous eyelid surgery can cause ectropion, particularly if a considerable amount of skin was removed from the eyelid at the time of surgery.
-以前的眼睑手术可能会导致眼睑外翻，特别是手术时从眼睑切除了较多皮肤的情况下。
- Eyelid growths.
-眼睑增生。
Benign or cancerous growths on your eyelid can cause the lid to turn outward.
眼睑上的良性或癌性生长会导致眼睑向外翻转。
Genetic disorders.
遗传性疾病。
Rarely, ectropion is present at birth, (congenital).
先天性眼睑外翻比较罕见。
When it is, is usually associated with genetic disorders, such as Down syndrome.
先天性眼睑外翻通常与遗传疾病有关，比如唐氏综合症。
Signs and Symptoms include: If you have ectropion, your lower lid pulls away from your eye and tears don't drain properly into the puncta.
症状和体征包括：如果你患有眼睑外翻，睑缘会离开眼球，泪水不能正确地排入眼窝。
The resulting signs and symptoms can include: - Watery eyes (excessive tearing).
由此产生的体征和症状可能包括：-流泪（过度流泪）。
Without proper drainage, your tears may pool and constantly flow over your eyelids.
如果没有适当的排泪，你的眼泪可能会积聚在一起，不断地流到你的眼皮上。
- Excessive dryness.
-过度干燥。
Ectropion can cause your eyes to feel dry, gritty and sandy.
眼睑外翻会使你的眼睛感到干燥，有砂砾和沙子。
- Irritation.
-刺激性。
Stagnant tears or dryness can irritate your eyes, causing a burning sensation and redness in your eyelids and the whites of your eyes.
泪水不流或干涩会刺激你的眼睛，导致眼睑和眼白有灼烧感和发红。
- Sensitivity to light.
-对光敏感。
Stagnant tears or dry eyes can irritate the surface of the cornea, making you sensitive to light.
泪水不流或干涩会刺激角膜表面，使你对光敏感。
TREATMENT
治疗
Definitive management is surgical.
最终的治疗方法是外科手术。
Medical management is temporary but can improve symptoms while awaiting surgery.
医疗管理是暂时的，但可以在等待手术期间改善症状。
