评论
打印
Hey there! Squeaks and I just got back from a forest hike.
嘿! 我和吱吱刚从森林徒步旅行回来。
I love to walk through forests.
我喜欢在森林里散步。
They’re so peaceful, and they are always a good place to look for and learn about nature.
森林是如此宁静，而且森林总是一个寻找和了解自然的好地方。
While we hiked, Squeaks and I were talking about a trip we want to take to a redwood forest someday.
当我们徒步旅行时，我和吱吱在说我们想要去红杉林的旅行。
Redwood forests grow on the west coast of North America, and they’re really special.
红杉林生长在北美西海岸，这些森林真的很特别。
For one thing, they’re actually a kind of rainforest!
首先，它们实际上是一种雨林!
I know!
我知道!
When we hear the word “rainforest,” we usually think of hot, tropical rainforests full of jungle animals.
当我们听到“雨林”这个词时，我们通常想到的是充满丛林动物的炎热的热带雨林。
But redwood forests are different.
但红杉林不同。
They are pretty rainy… and really foggy…
那里多雨，雾很大。
but they’re much cooler than tropical rainforests.
但它们比热带雨林凉爽多了。
And they’re full of different kinds of life.
森林里有大量不同种类的生命。
One of the most interesting things about them is that they have layers, and different kinds of plants and animals live in each layer!
关于它们最有趣的事情之一是它们有层次，不同种类的植物和动物生活在各自的那一层!
Yes, layers like a cake!
是的，像蛋糕一样分层!
Or sometimes, I think of it as floors in a building.
有时，我把它想象成一栋楼里的楼层。
Each layer is a floor, with different things living on each of them.
每一层都是地板，每一层都有不同的生物。
Totally, Squeaks!
对极了,吱吱!
Let’s learn more about some of the things that live in a redwood forest.
让我们多了解一些生活在红杉林里的生物。
Now, the first thing you need to know about redwood trees is that they are big.
现在，你需要知道的第一件事是红杉树很大。
And I mean really big!
我是说真的很大!
Like, if you stacked three fully-grown oak trees on top of each other, that might still be shorter than a redwood.
比如，如果你把三棵完全长大的橡树叠在一起，它可能仍然比红杉树还矮。
And some redwoods have trunks big enough to drive a car through!
有些红杉的树干大得可以开一辆车过去!
These big trees have lots of branches, and grow lots of leaves that look like needles.
这些大树有很多树枝，长出很多看起来像针叶的叶子。
Together, the redwood trees and branches act kind of like a beach umbrella.
总之，红杉树和它们的树枝就像一把沙滩伞。
They keep most of the Sun’s light from reaching down to the forest floor.
能阻止大部分阳光照射到森林地表。
So, the bottom layer of the redwood forest is very shaded.
所以，红杉森林的底层非常阴暗。
It’s also cooler, and usually wet or damp, because heat from the Sun doesn’t dry it out.
也更凉爽，通常是潮湿的，因为来自太阳的热量不会使它变干。
But that’s just fine for the things that live here!
但这对生活在这里的生命来说是很好的!
All plants need sunlight to grow, but different plants need different amounts.
所有的植物生长都需要阳光，但不同的植物需要不同量的阳光。
And some plants prefer just a little bit of sunlight.
有些植物只喜欢一点点阳光。
Like mosses and ferns!
比如苔藓和蕨类植物!
So, if we were walking in the shaded redwood forest, we would see lots of ferns down on the ground.
所以，如果我们在红杉林里散步，我们会看到地上有很多蕨类植物。
If we looked a little, we might also see animals that love damp and shady places hiding in the cool, wet soil, like salamanders.
如果我们稍微观察一下，我们可能还会看到喜欢潮湿和阴凉地方的动物，它们藏在凉爽潮湿的土壤中，比如蝾螈。
We might also spot a deer or bobcat!
我们还可能看到一只鹿或山猫!
If we looked up… we would look into what’s called the canopy.
如果我们向上看，我们会看到所谓的树冠。
The canopy is made up mostly of the redwood tree branches.
树冠主要由红杉的树枝组成。
There are so many that they sometimes criss-cross over each other and make a kind of a mat that’s thick enough for some animals to walk on!
它们的数量如此之多，有时会交叉在一起，形成一种厚得足以让一些动物在上面行走的垫子!
Around the middle of the canopy, you’ll find animals like the Humboldt’s Flying Squirrel.
在树冠的中间，你会发现像洪堡飞鼠这样的动物。
Well… these squirrels don’t really fly, like birds do.
这些松鼠并不像鸟类那样会飞。
But they do glide through the air using a special flap of skin between their legs.
但它们确实可以通过双腿之间的一层特殊皮肤在空气中滑翔。
It’s kind of like they have a big kite, or a big sail attached to their bodies!
就像他们有一个大风筝，或一个大帆系在他们的身体!
In fact, they’re so good at gliding that they’re actually not the best at walking.
事实上，它们滑翔很好，走路却不是最好的。
So, it’s easier for them to spend most of their time around the middle of the canopy.
所以，它们在树冠中间度过大部分时间更容易。
And their food is up there, too!
他们的食物也在上面!
So at night, you might see them gliding from tree to tree,
所以晚上，你可能会看到它们在树间滑翔，
looking for food like berries and bird eggs.
寻找浆果和鸟蛋之类的食物。
Finally, there’s the top part of the canopy.
最后，这是树冠的顶部。
If we could see way in the tops of the trees, we might see animals like peregrine falcons.
如果我们能看到树顶，我们可能会看到猎鹰之类的动物。
Peregrine falcons eat things like other, smaller birds.
猎鹰像其他小型鸟类一样吃东西。
So, living in the upper part of the canopy makes it easy for them to see anyone who flies above them.
所以，它们生活在树冠的上部，很容易看到任何飞过它们上方的东西。
And we might even see other plants, including whole other trees, growing on top of other tree branches!
我们甚至可能看到其他植物，包括所有其他的树木，生长在其他树枝上的树木!
Yes!
是的!
Plants that grow on other plants and trees are called epiphytes.
生长在其他植物和树木上的植物叫做附生植物。
They get everything they need to grow in the upper part of the canopy.
它们在树冠的上部获得了生长所需的一切。
Do you remember what plants need to grow?
你还记得植物生长需要什么吗?
Yes, exactly.
是的,没错。
Sunlight, like we talked about with the ferns, but also water.
阳光，就像我们谈到的蕨类植物，还有水。
Here, It’s easy to see where these plants get light.
在这里，很容易看到这些植物从哪里得到光照。
Because they’re close to the top of the tree, there’s not much in between them and the rays of the Sun.
因为它们离树顶很近，所以它们和太阳光线之间的距离很小。
But what about water?
但是水呢?
Well, when leaves from the top of a redwood tree fall… they don’t always make it to the ground.
嗯，当红木树顶的叶子掉下来时，它们并不总是能落地。
Some get caught on the mat of crisscrossing branches.
有些被交错的树枝缠住了。
Then, over time, those leaves fall apart and turn into a sort of soil.
然后，随着时间的推移，这些叶子会裂开，变成一种土壤。
There’s not a lot of it… but what’s there holds enough water for the plants to grow.
水并不多，但里面有足够的水分供植物生长。
Scientists have found berry bushes, pine trees, and oak trees growing in the redwood forest upper canopy.
科学家们在红杉林的上层树冠中发现了浆果丛、松树和橡树。
It’s almost like a forest on top of a forest!
简直就像森林顶上的森林!
Great question, Squeaks.
很好的问题,吱吱。
Squeaks wanted to know if other forests have layers.
吱吱想知道其他森林是否有层次。
And many of them do!
而且他们中的许多人确实如此!
Those layers won’t be exactly the same as the layers in a redwood forest, and they won’t have the same kinds of plants and animals.
这些层不会和红杉森林的层完全一样，它们也不会有相同种类的植物和动物。
That’s because all forests are a little bit different from one another.
这是因为所有的森林都有点不同。
They have different kinds of trees, and different amounts of sunlight or rain.
他们有不同种类的树木，不同数量的阳光和雨水。
But that’s one of the things that makes them so interesting!
但这正是它们如此有趣的原因之一!
We should go back out after lunch and see what we can find!
我们应该在午饭后回去，看看能找到什么!
And in the meantime, thanks for joining me here at The Fort!
与此同时，感谢您收听我们在沃斯堡的节目!
If you want to keep learning and having fun with Squeaks, Jessi, me, and all our other friends,
如果你想继续与吱吱、杰西、我以及我们所有的朋友一起学习和玩耍，
be sure to hit the subscribe button, and we'll see you next time on SciShow Kids!
一定要点击订阅按钮，我们下期节目再见!
