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Let's explore some of the inventions that came out of World War II...starting with the most useful:
我们来探索一些二战中出现的发明…… 从最有用的开始:
The spaceship
宇宙飞船
Spaceships weren't invented during World War II, but one of their most important precursors was: the German V-2 rocket.
宇宙飞船不是在第二次世界大战期间发明的，但它们最重要的前身之一是德国的V-2火箭。
The V-2 was a long-range rocket used by the German army to kill about 5,000 people--and when one V-2 reached an altitude of 175 kilometers in 1944, it became the first rocket to reach space.
V-2是一种远程火箭，德国军队用它杀了大约5000人。1944年，当一枚V-2火箭到达175公里的高度时，它成为了第一枚进入太空的火箭。
When the United States and the Soviet Union captured V-2 rockets after the war, they used the V-2s in research and development of their own missile and space exploration programs as they competed to send satellites, rockets, and people into space.
战后，美国和苏联在缴获V-2火箭时，他们利用V-2去研发自己的导弹和太空探索计划，因为他们竞相要把卫星、火箭和人类送入太空。
Here's where battlefield innovations get a little "out there."
这个战场上的发明有点“露骨”。
The S liquid
S液体
The S liquid was prepared for use in a miniature stink bomb, developed by the British in hopes of making German officers so smelly that their soldiers would no longer respect them.
S液体是用来制造微型臭气弹的，它是英国人研制出来的，目的是让德国军官身上散发出难闻的气味，使他们的士兵不再尊重他们。
When put in the pocket of a German uniform and crushed, it would release a horrible odor.
当它被放进德国制服的口袋并被压碎时，会释放出一种可怕的气味。
Since uniforms were scarce, the soldier would have to accept the smell or discard his only set of clothes.
由于制服稀缺，士兵们不得不接受这种气味，否则就得扔掉他唯一的一套衣服。
But here's the twist: the S liquid would also affect the spies who carried it...making them stink too.
但这里有个反转：S液体也会影响携带它的间谍…… 让他们也发臭。
Not an especially subtle move.
这个举动不够隐蔽。
So, though the S liquid seemed like a great idea, it was abandoned soon after development and was never deployed.
所以，尽管S液体像是个不错的主意，但它在开发后不久就被放弃了，而且从未投入使用。
Finally...how did that happen?
最后…… 这是怎么发生的?
The Slinky
弹簧狗
Though the Slinky turned out to be an incredibly popular toy, it actually began its life as an innovation intended to help the war effort.
虽然弹簧狗后来成为一种非常受欢迎的玩具，但这个创新的出现实际上是为了帮助战争。
The Slinky was invented by accident by mechanical engineer Richard James, who was trying to develop springs that would keep fragile cargo steady while traveling by ship.
弹簧狗是机械工程师理查德·詹姆斯偶然发明的，他当时想要开发一种弹簧，让易碎的货物在船运时保持稳定。
When samples of the invention were knocked off the shelf, James realized they seemed to "walk" down rather than fall--and thus a fabulous new toy was born.
当这个发明的样品从架子上掉下来时，詹姆斯意识到它们似乎是“走”下来而不是掉下来的——就这样，一个绝妙的新玩具诞生了。
