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Hey, Psych2Goers, when you hear the terms, psychopath and sociopath, what comes to mind?
嘿，Psych2Go观众们，当你们听到精神变态者和反社会者这两个词时，脑海中浮现的是什么？
Some people might think of people who commit violent acts with no remorse, while this can be true in some cases, this does not reflect everyone with the conditions.
有些人可能会认为有些人实施了暴力行为而毫无悔意，虽然这在某些情况下是真实的，但这并不反映每个人的情况。
So with that said, here are five ways to tell sociopaths and psychopaths apart, and how they're diagnosed.
话虽如此，这里有五种方法来区分反社会者和精神变态者，以及他们是如何被诊断出来的。
Let's start with how a psychopath or sociopath is diagnosed.
让我们从如何诊断精神变态者或反社会者开始。
While psychologists agree that sociopaths and psychopaths are different from one another, they are actually given the same diagnosis, as both exist under the term anti-social personality disorder.
虽然心理学家一致认为反社会者和精神变态者是不同的，但他们实际上被给予了相同的诊断，因为两者都存在于反社会人格障碍这个术语之下。
ASPD is a condition characterized as a lack of empathy and disregard towards laws and rules.
反社会性人格障碍是一种缺乏同理心和无视法律法规的病症。
It's also important to know that antisocial refers to harmful behaviors towards other people.
同样重要的是要知道，反社会是指对他人的有害行为。
It's not the same as asocial, which is classified by introversion.
这与按内向分类的缺乏社交性不同。
Generally, people with ASPD will exhibit disregard for the feelings of others, disregard to the laws and rules, no remorse after hurting others, aggression and dangerous behaviors.
一般来说，反社会性人格障碍的人会表现出对他人感情的漠视，对法律和规则的漠视，在伤害他人，攻击他人，实施危险行为后没有悔意。
The difference lies in how these symptoms are portrayed.
不同之处在于如何描述这些症状。
Some psychologists argue that psychopathy is a more severe form of ASPD, while others think that it is something completely different.
一些心理学家认为，精神障碍是反社会性人格障碍的一种更严重的形式，而另一些心理学家则认为它是完全不同的东西。
Sociopaths don't care about others, while psychopaths pretend to.
反社会的人不关心别人，而精神变态的人假装关心。
Sociopaths tend to make it clear that they don't care about the needs of others because of this, they may have extremely unstable and abusive relationships.
反社会者往往会明确表示，他们不关心他人的需要，因此，他们可能会有非常不稳定关系，在关系中虐待一方。
Psychopaths on the other hand, can be much more difficult to spot.
另一方面，精神变态者可能更难被发现。
They tend to blend in well with the people around them and can fake their emotions to avoid drawing attention, because of this psychopaths may appear completely normal,
他们倾向于与周围的人融洽相处，可以假装自己的情绪以避免引起注意，因为精神变态者可能看起来完全正常，
sometimes so much so that they have long lasting relationships and families unaware of their condition.
有时甚至与他们有长期关系的恋人和家人也不知道他们的情况。
Sociopaths are impulsive while psychopaths tend to be methodical.
反社会者是冲动的，而精神变态者往往是有条不紊的。
Generally, sociopaths may have a difficult time controlling their emotions and lash out in explosive outbursts in a short period of time.
一般来说，反社会者可能很难控制自己的情绪，并在短时间内爆发出爆炸性的情绪。
They may carry out violent acts and crimes quickly, and in the heat of the moment.
他们可能会在最激烈的时刻迅速实施暴力行为和犯罪。
Psychopaths on the other hand, tend to be much more calculated and thoughtful in their approach.
另一方面，精神变态者往往在他们实施的方法上更加计划周全、深思熟虑。
They may come up with elaborate plans to commit horrible acts, and do so without drawing too much attention.
他们可能会想出复杂的计划来实施可怕的行为，而且这样做也不会引起太多关注。
Sociopaths are generally a product of their environment while psychopaths are born that way.
反社会者通常是他们所处环境的产物，而精神变态者天生就是这样。
Nature versus nurture is used to describe whether a person's behavior is a product of genetics or how they were raised.
先天与后天是用来描述一个人的行为是否是遗传的产物，或者他们是如何被抚养长大的。
Typically, it is believed that sociopaths develop as a result of trauma and neglect throughout childhood.
通常情况下，人们认为反社会者在整个童年时期都是由于创伤和忽视而发展起来的。
Psychopaths on the other hand, are believed to develop as a result of genetics and less so from how they grow up.
另一方面，精神变态者被认为是由于遗传而发展起来的，而不是因为他们的成长过程。
Simply put, sociopathy is believed to be learned, and psychopathy is inherited.
简而言之，反社会者被认为是后天习得的，而精神病是遗传的。
Sociopaths can feel empathy in certain situations while psychopaths cannot.
在某些情况下，反社会者可以感同身受，而精神变态者则不能。
Some psychologists believe that sociopaths can feel empathy towards others in certain situations due to the learned nature of their condition.
一些心理学家认为，反社会者在某些情况下可能会对他人产生同理心，因为他们的情况是后天习得的。
However, this can be inconsistent, and may only be present in specific isolated instances.
但是，这可能是不一致的，并且可能只出现在特定的孤立实例中。
Some would argue that sociopaths have a sense of right and wrong, just a weak one.
有些人会说反社会者有是非感，只是很薄弱。
Psychopaths on the other hand, may not be able to feel empathy in any context and usually have no concept of right and wrong.
另一方面，精神变态者可能在任何情况下都不能感受到同理心，而且通常没有对错的概念。
Sociopaths tend to be unstable while psychopaths are stable.
反社会者往往是不稳定的，而精神病变态是稳定的。
It can be easier to spot someone who is a sociopath due to the impulsive and aggressive nature that they tend to display.
更容易辨认出反社会者，因为他们倾向于表现出冲动和攻击性的本性。
Their behavior may be bold and show itself in their chaotic relationships.
他们的行为可能很大胆，并在他们混乱的关系中表现出来。
As psychopaths are more methodical and calculated, they show fewer signs of abnormality.
由于精神变态者更有条理、更有计划，他们表现出的异常迹象较少。
They can also be extremely manipulative and charming, which fools people into thinking that everything is ordinary.
他们也可能极具操控性和魅力，这让人们误以为一切都是普通的。
While sociopaths tend to live on the fringe and avoid education, psychopaths may become highly successful in their fields.
虽然反社会者往往生活在边缘，逃避教育，但精神变态者可能在他们的领域取得巨大成功。
While psychopaths can develop mood disorders like depression, they tend to have a high level of control over their emotions.
虽然精神变态者可能会患上抑郁症等情绪障碍，但他们往往对自己的情绪有很高的控制力。
So did this video shed some light on the differences between sociopaths and psychopaths?
这段视频是否揭示了反社会者和精神变态者之间的区别呢？
Psychopaths and sociopaths are similar, but are not the same, with many contrasting personality traits.
精神变态者和反社会者是相似的，但又不是一样的，有许多截然不同的人格特征。
It is important to know that anyone with any kind of ASPD is capable of receiving treatment, and receiving the proper help can make a difference.
重要的是要知道，任何患有反社会性人格障碍的人都有能力接受治疗，接受适当的帮助可以起到作用。
Let us know what you thought on this topic in the comments.
在评论中告诉我们你对这个话题的看法。
Please like and share it with friends that might find insight in this video too.
请点赞并与朋友们分享，他们可能也会在这个视频中发现深刻的见解。
Make sure to subscribe to Psych2Go and hit the notification bell from our content.
请务必订阅Psych2Go，点击我们内容中的通知铃。
All the references used are added in the description box below.
所有使用的参考文献都添加到下面的描述框中。
Thank you for watching, and we'll see you next time.
感谢您的收看，我们下次再见。
