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So today, today has never happened before, right?
今天，今天是全新的，对吗？
My brain is different every time I remember something new, anything I learned today; for me to remember that tomorrow means my brain had to change.
每记一些新内容，比如我今天学到的任何东西，我的大脑就会不同；对我来说，明天还要记得这些意味着我的大脑必须改变。
So what changed? We don't entirely understand it all.
那是什么改变了呢？对这一点我们还没有完全理解。
There are four basic steps in creating a memory: The first is called Encoding.
创造一个记忆有四个基本步骤：第一个步骤叫做 "编码"。
This means that your brain takes all of the sights, the sounds, the smells, the tastes, the feelings, the information of what you learned or experienced and translates that into neurological language.
这意味着你的大脑将所有的视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉、感觉，以及你所学到的或所经历的信息，转化为神经语言。
The second step is called consolidation.
第二步叫做巩固。
Here your brain links together, all of the previously unrelated neural activity and connects them into a pattern of associative connections, a sort of neural circuit that can live for decades.
这时，大脑会将所有此前不相关的神经活动联系在一起，并将它们连接成一种互相联系的模式，一种可以存活几十年的神经回路。
The third step is Storage.
第三步是储存。
Your brain locks in this information by making enduring, long-lasting changes in your neural architecture, changes in neuroanatomy and neurochemistry that persists long after you first learned or experienced the information.
大脑通过在神经结构中做出持久、长效的变化来锁定这些信息，在第一次学习这些信息之后，神经解剖学和神经化学的变化仍会长期存在。
The part of your brain that's essential for forming all of your consciously held memories is in your hippocampus.
大脑中对形成所有有意识的记忆至关重要的组织位于海马体。
Where neurogenesis, which is the birth of new neurons, happens.
海马体里产生新神经，也就是新神经元的诞生。
The last step is retrieval.
最后一步是检索。
So you got the information in, to remember it, you want to get the information out.
你得到了信息，为了记住它，需要把信息拿出来。
So this means you can now activate this neural circuit.
所以这意味着现在你可以激活这个神经回路。
And so you can recall, revisit, reminisce, know something that happened or that you learned before.
你可以回忆，重温，追忆，回顾一些发生过的事情或你以前学到的东西。
We can actually see what's going on through brain scans through functional MRI imaging.
我们实际上可以通过功能性核磁共振成像的大脑扫描看到大脑发生了什么。
So if I were to put you in a brain scanner, and I were to show you a picture of the cast of friends:
因此，如果我用大脑扫描仪扫描你的大脑，给你看一张《老友记》的照片。
So you're looking at this image, and you're seeing the different characters, Phoebe and Joey, and you're lighting up in specific areas of your brain based on what they look like, and maybe some memories of you watching the show.
你看着这张图片，会看到不同的角色，菲比和乔伊，你大脑的特定区域根据他们的样子亮了起来，也许还有你看这部剧的一些记忆。
I take the image away.
然后我把图像拿走。
And then I ask you to remember maybe five minutes later, that picture of the cast of friends.
也许五分钟后我让你回忆一下，那张《老友记》的照片。
That neuroimaging will light up in different parts of your brain at first while it's searching and then when you say, 'I've got it,' your brain activity has landed on the exact same places in your brain that were lit up and activated when you were actually looking at the photo.
在检索的过程中，你大脑里不同部分的神经成像会亮起，当你觉得'我找到了'时，大脑中亮起的部分与你实际看那张照片时亮起和被激活的部分相同。
So the pattern of neural activity is based on what you paid attention to and learned.
因此，神经活动的模式是基于你所关注和学习的内容。
It will be recalled again; it will be reactivated.
它将被再次回忆起来；它将被重新激活。
The advances in memory will have a lot to do with cracking that code of molecular events.
记忆方面的进展将与破解分子事件的密码有很大关系。
We're trying to understand at a genetic and molecular level, how does a human brain go from not knowing something to knowing something?
我们正试图从遗传和分子水平上了解人类的大脑是如何从不知道某些东西到知道某些东西的？
How does it go from never having experienced what happened today, to being able to remember what happened today, tomorrow?
它是如何从从未经历过今天发生的事情，到明天能够记得今天发生了何事的？
In order for that to happen, your brain has to change.
为此，人的大脑必须做出改变。
And so the science will start to unravel what those specific changes are on a molecular and genetic level.
因此，科学将开始在分子和基因层面上解开这些具体的变化到底是什么。
