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No one circa 1956 that had gone to graduate school and studied economic theory would have believed that some sophomores can walk in the room, and give half of 'em values, half of 'em cost, let 'em trade, and they would find the equilibrium sublime bend.
1956年左右，没有一个上过研究生、研究过经济理论的人会相信，一个房间里的一群大二学生，给他们一半人价值，一半人成本，他们竟然能发现平衡的弧度。
No one would have believed that.
没有人会相信这一点。
You see, I had somehow come to terms with that, that there was such a disconnect, you see, between what I thought was true and what was actually happening.
我已经以某种方式接受了这一点，在我所认为的真实和实际发生的事情之间存在着这样的脱节。
In "The Theory of Moral Sentiments," Adam Smith is finding the invisible forces that account for the rules we follow, and in "The Wealth of Nations," the rules we follow that create wealth.
在《道德情操论》中，亚当·斯密正在寻找说明我们所遵循的规则的无形力量，而在《国富论》中，我们遵循的规则创造了财富。
And remember, the main proposition in Adam Smith is that through markets, we achieve gains from trade, but we achieve ends far broader than that that are well beyond our intention.
请记住，亚当·斯密的主要命题是，通过市场，我们实现了贸易收益，但我们实现的目的远比这更广泛，远远超出我们的意图。
An order to be spontaneous really has to come from the bottom.
一个自发的秩序必须来自底部。
That's the essence of a spontaneous order.
这就是自发秩序的本质。
And we see that both in our social lives and our economic lives.
我们在社会生活和经济生活中都能看到这一点。
Look at Lyft and Uber.
看看Lyft和Uber。
The taxi business is based upon matching taxi drivers to customers.
出租车业务的基础是将出租车司机与客户相匹配。
And the way you solve that problem was to form a taxi company and have a dispatcher.
而解决这个问题的方法是成立一个出租车公司，并有一个调度员。
Dispatcher knows where his taxi cabs are, where they're dropping off passengers, and the ones that are close to where you are.
调度员知道他的出租车在哪里，他们在哪里送乘客，以及离你所在的地方有最近的出租车。
And he makes a match, and he calls that taxi driver and sends it to your home.
他可以进行匹配，然后给出租车司机打电话，让他把你送回家。
Technology now can match buyers and sellers directly through algorithms, and you don't need a central dispatcher.
现在的技术可以通过算法直接匹配买家和卖家，而不需要一个中央调度员。
You don't need a taxi cab company with a fleet of taxis.
不需要一个拥有出租车车队的出租车公司。
See, this is a beautiful example of innovation that greatly lowered the cost of transacting information.
这是创新的体现，它大大降低了信息交易的成本。
Uber and Lyft are really part of a spontaneous order.
Uber和Lyft确实是自发秩序的一部分。
The people that started those companies, well they knew about algorithms.
创办这些公司的人，都了解算法。
So they risk capital to come in, and we had an experiment.
所以他们冒着资本的风险投资，同时我们还有一个实验。
And it's not unusual with a new industry to have bankruptcies.
对于一个新的行业来说，出现破产是很正常的。
They're replaced by other new entrants, and everybody's learning, you see, in that process, and they're learning more and more about how better to serve customers.
他们被其他新进入者取代，每个人都在学习，在这个过程中，他们正在越来越多地学习如何更好地服务客户。
As Adam Smith says, "We're all self-interested, but you can't look your neighbor in the face and avow that all of your decisions are based upon a self-interest."
正如亚当·斯密所说，"我们都是利己的，但你不能对着邻居宣布你所有的决定都是出于利己。"
So it's not about denying the self-interest.
因此，我们不需要否认利己。
It's about learning to override the self-interests in the achievement of other values.
而是要学会在实现其他价值的过程中推翻自我利益。
Each individual in the market is just trying to do best for himself.
市场上的每个人只是想为自己图利。
Well, he ends up to collectively, they do best for everybody, and they do best for the rest of the world.
那么，结果就是， 他们整体上为每个人谋取利益，为全世界谋取谋利。
So I think that way of thinking about it is very refreshing.
所以我认为这种思考方式是非常令人耳目一新的。
