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Synchronous Process
同步过程
During these stages, two centrosomes, containing a pair of centrioles in animal cells, migrate to the two poles of the cell.
在这些阶段，动物细胞中含有一对中心粒的两个中心体迁移到细胞的两极。
The microtubules invade the nuclear region after the nuclear envelope disintegrates, attaching to the chromosomes at the kinetochore.
核膜解体后，微管侵入核区，附着在着丝粒的染色体上。
The kinetochore functions as a motor, pulling the chromosome along the attached microtubule.
动粒起着马达的作用，沿着附着的微管拉着染色体。
Microtubules that attach to the kinetochores are known as kinetochore microtubules.
附着在动粒上的微管称为动粒微管。
Other microtubules will interact with microtubules from the opposite centrosome.
其他微管将与对面中心体的微管相互作用。
These are called nonkinetochore microtubules or polar microtubules.
这些被称为非动粒微管或极性微管。
Metaphase 1
中期1
Homologous pairs move together along the metaphase plate: the paired homologous chromosomes align along an equatorial plane that bisects the spindle.
同源染色体对沿着中期板一起移动：成对的同源染色体沿着将纺锤体一分为二的赤道平面排列。
Anaphase 1
后期1
Kinetochore microtubules shorten, pulling homologous chromosomes, which consist of a pair of sister chromatids, to opposite poles.
动粒微管变短，将由一对姐妹染色单体组成的同源染色体拉向相反的两极。
Non kinetochore microtubules lengthen, pushing the centrosomes farther apart.
非动粒微管变长，将中心体推向更远的距离。
The cell elongates in preparation for division down the center.
细胞向中心伸长，为向下分裂做准备。
Telophase 1
末期1
The first meiotic division effectively ends when the chromosomes arrive at the poles.
当染色体到达两极时，第一次减数分裂有效地结束。
Each daughter cell now has half the number of chromosomes but each chromosome consists of a pair of chromatids.
现在每个子细胞都有一半的染色体，但每个染色体都由一对染色单体组成。
The microtubules that make up the spindle network disappear, and a new nuclear membrane surrounds each haploid set.
组成纺锤体网络的微管消失，每组单倍体周围都有一层新的核膜。
The chromosomes uncoil back into chromatin.
染色体解卷回染色质。
Cytokinesis, the pinching of the cell membrane in animal cells or the formation of the cell wall in plant cells, occurs, completing the creation of two daughter cells.
细胞质分裂，即动物细胞中细胞膜的挤压或植物细胞的细胞壁形成，完成了两个子细胞的产生。
Sister chromatids remain attached during telophase 1.
姐妹染色单体在末期1保持附着状态。
Cells may enter a period of rest known as interkinesis or interphase 2.
细胞可能会进入一个称为运动间期或间期2。
No DNA replication occurs during this stage.
在此阶段不会发生DNA复制。
Meiosis 2
减数分裂2
Meiosis 2 is the second meiotic division and usually involves equational segregation, or separation of sister chromatids.
减数分裂2是减数分裂的第二次分裂，通常涉及相等的分离，或姐妹染色单体的分离。
Mechanically, the process is similar to mitosis, though its genetic results are fundamentally different.
从机制上讲，这个过程与有丝分裂相似，尽管它的遗传结果是根本不同的。
The end result of meiosis 2 is production of four haploid cells, n chromosomes; (23 in humans).
减数分裂2的最终结果是产生4个单倍体细胞，n条染色体；(人类为23条)。
The four main steps of meiosis 2 are: prophase 2, metaphase 2, anaphase 2, and telophase 2.
减数分裂2的四个主要步骤是：前期2、中期2、后期2和末期2。
In prophase 2, we see the disappearance of the nucleoli and the nuclear envelope again as well as the shortening and thickening of the chromatids.
在前期2，我们看到核膜消失，染色单体变短变厚。
Centrosomes move to the polar regions and arrange spindle fibers for the second meiotic division.
中心体向两极移动，组装纺锤体。
In metaphase 2, the centromeres contain two kinetochores that attach to spindle fibers from the centrosomes at opposite poles.
中期2，着丝粒与纺锤丝连结。
This is followed by anaphase 2, in which the remaining centromeric cohesion is cleaved, allowing the sister chromatids to segregate.
紧随其后的是后期2，在这一阶段，着丝粒纵裂，姐妹染色单体分离。
The sister chromatids by convention are now called sister chromosomes as they move toward opposing poles.
按照惯例，姐妹染色单体现在被称为姐妹染色体，因为它们朝向相反的两极移动。
The process ends with telophase 2, which is similar to telophase 1, and is marked by the disassembly of the spindle and decondensation and lengthening of the chromosomes.
这个过程以末期2结束，它与末期1相似，以纺锤体消失和染色体的解聚和加长为标志。
Nuclear envelopes reform and cleavage or cell plate formation eventually produces a total of four daughter cells, each with a haploid set of chromosomes.
核膜的改造和分裂或细胞板的形成最终产生四个子细胞，每个子细胞都有一组单倍体染色体。
Meiosis is now complete and ends up with four new daughter cells.
减数分裂现在已经完成，最终形成了四个新的子细胞。
